語言上的反話
人刻意造出上下兩層的錯位：嘴上一層，心裡另一層。
verbal irony · noun · C2
The use of words that say the opposite of what you really think, often to be funny or to show you do not believe something.
反諷
核心畫面
A useful picture: two layers that do not match — what is said or what appears on the surface, and what is actually true underneath. Irony is the name for that gap itself.
有兩層東西疊在一起卻對不上——表面那一層（說出來的話、看起來的樣子）指向一個方向，底下那層真相指向相反的方向。iro…更多收起
有兩層東西疊在一起卻對不上——表面那一層（說出來的話、看起來的樣子）指向一個方向，底下那層真相指向相反的方向。irony 這個字指的不是任何一層，而是兩層之間那道錯開的縫。理解 irony 的人是同時看見兩層的人；沒看見底層的人就只會照字面理解，於是錯過整件事。Two branches
處境上的反差
同一道縫，但這次不是人說出來的，而是事情自己排出來的：該發生的和實際發生的對不上。
situational irony · noun · C2
A strange or slightly funny situation in which the opposite of what you expected happens, or in which things do not match what should be true.
諷刺
原始詞典資料7 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
ironynoun詞源 1/ˈaɪə.ɹə.ni/
- 1
The quality of a statement that, when taken in context, may actually mean something different from, or the opposite of, what is written literally; the use of words expressing something other than their literal intention, often in a humorous context.
- Irony, saying what it ne'er intends, Censures with praise, and speaks to foes as friends.
- A principal virtue of Rorty's recognition of both the lightminded and the serious side of irony is to urge us in that direction.
- 2
The quality of a statement that, when taken in context, may actually mean something different from, or the opposite of, what is written literally; the use of words expressing something other than their literal intention, often in a humorous context.
- It is one of the ironies of capital cities that each acts as a symbol of its nation, and yet few are even remotely representative of it. London has always set itself apart from the rest of Britain — but political, economic and social trends are conspiring to drive that wedge deeper.
- The second irony is that the only American who intuitively or otherwise grasps this reality and possesses a large enough ego potentially capable of governing in these circumstances is the president.
- 3
Dramatic irony: a theatrical effect in which the meaning of a situation, or some incongruity in the plot, is understood by the audience, but not by the characters in the play.
- 4
Socratic irony: ignorance feigned for the purpose of confounding or provoking an antagonist.
- 5
informalContradiction between circumstances and expectations; condition contrary to what might be expected.
ironyadj詞源 2/ˈaɪə.ni/
- 1
Of or pertaining to the metal iron.
- The food had an irony taste to it.
- The scrap yard had bins marked for irony aluminum, such as aluminum engine blocks not wholly cleaned of bolts, studs, brackets, and so on.
ironynoun詞源 2/ˈaɪə.ni/
- 1
datedA kind of metallic marble.
- And before the season's over millions of "glassies" and "aggies" or "ironies" will change hands, and thousands more will manage to get themselves lost.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。