- 1封建制度（這指歷史上那套以土地換效忠、換保護的制度；「封建主義」較像主義、思想，台灣講這段歷史多用「封建制度」）
Feudalism is the name for a way of organising life that was strong in parts of Europe in the Middle Ages. Land was power. A king or a great lord held land, and he let other men hold pieces of it. Those men, in return, owed him work, loyalty, and fighting. They then did the same with smaller people under them. A farmer on that land was not free in the modern sense: he worked, paid, and came when called, and in return he got a place to live and the lord's protection — though actually the 'both sides' story in textbooks is tidier than many lives were. The people at the bottom had little real choice, and historians still argue how neat the pyramid really was, and how far the same pattern existed outside Europe. It is a school-and-book word, not a street word. People sometimes stretch it to any society built on lords, land, and personal service, but the core picture remains that medieval land-for-loyalty system.
組成From feudal + -ism. feudal = of that lord-and-land world; -ism names a system.
同家族的字
- feudalthe adjective for that lord-and-land system; feudalism is the name of the system itself
- feudalisticmeans 'like feudalism', often as a complaint about old-fashioned power
- fiefthe piece of land a lord granted; feudal comes from the same medieval word for that land
原始詞典資料1 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
feudalismnoun/ˈfju.də.lɪ.zəm/
- 1
A social system based on personal ownership of resources and personal fealty between a suzerain (lord) and a vassal (subject). Defining characteristics are direct ownership of resources, personal loyalty, and a hierarchical social structure reinforced by religion.
- It was the beginning of a feudalism of the range, a barony rude enough, but a glorious one, albeit it began, like all feudalism, in large-handed theft and generous murdering.
- The re-emergence of empire was thwarted by immense topographical variety, coastal confolutions, and wide-openness to the east, which made Christendom difficult to organize and defend as a whole from Viking, barbarian and Islamic attacks round its perimeter; by natural temperateness, which rendered large-scale disasters needing widespread rescue of populations rare (Jones 1981); and by the very devolved political system represented by feudalism, which encouraged the fissipation of whatever larger units did develop.
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。