To disenfranchise someone is to take away rights they had — most often the right to vote. The old opposite is enfranchise: to give that right. If a law once let a group vote and a later law stops them, the later law disenfranchises them. You will meet this in news, history, and law, not in everyday chat; it sounds formal and a little cold, like a document talking. Though actually, writers stretch it. A paper may say poor people are disenfranchised even when they still have a vote on paper, because the system is hard to use, or nobody in power listens. The tidy dictionary picture is “the right was taken away.” The looser picture is “pushed out of power.” Both are real; the second is more feeling than law. People also use it for other civic rights, not only voting, but voting is the sense that made the word famous.

剝奪選舉權、剝奪參政權