身障補助金（引申）
由「障礙」這個處境延伸到錢：因為身障而無法工作，政府按這個狀態發的補助，口語就直接用 disability 這個字代稱。
disability benefit payment · noun · B2
Money that the government gives to people who have a disability and cannot work.
身障補助金
核心畫面
Picture 'ability' — a power you normally have, like walking, seeing, or reading — and then 'dis-' taking part of it away. Disability is a body or mind that can't do some ordinary thing the usual way.
可以想成 ability（一種你本來有的能力，像走路、看東西、閱讀），前面加上 dis-（去掉、缺）：身體或心智在某…更多收起
可以想成 ability（一種你本來有的能力，像走路、看東西、閱讀），前面加上 dis-（去掉、缺）：身體或心智在某方面沒辦法照一般方式運作。這個字的核心畫面，比較像「少了一項多數人都有的能力」。From the word’s history
dis- (not) + ability; ability from Latin habilis 'able, handy' (from habere 'to hold'). Coined in the 1570s meaning 'want of power or ability'.
dis-（否定、去掉）+ ability（能力）；ability 源自拉丁文 habilis（能勝任的、順手的），再往前是 habere（持有）。1570 年代造出來，本意就是「缺乏力量或能力」。
etymonline.com/word/disability; etymonline.com/word/ability
From the picture
Also in this word
physical/mental impairment · noun · B2
A physical or mental condition that makes it hard for someone to use part of their body or to learn in the usual way.
身心障礙
state of having a disability · noun · B2
The state of having a physical or mental condition of this kind.
身障狀態
原始詞典資料7 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
disabilitynoun/dɪsəˈbɪlɪti/
- 1
A condition characterised by a significant limitation in a person's physical or intellectual powers or ability.
- people with disabilities
- Chatham refused to see him, pleading his disability. The King himself intervened by a letter[…]Chatham yielded to such persuasion; though suffering from a universal tremor.
- 2
The state of having such a condition; the state of being disabled.
- While physical and sensory disability is usually identified by asking a subject what he or she can or cannot do (with or without assistance), cognitive disability is assessed with a test such as a mental status questionnaire (MSQ).
- 3
A limitation in function (the things that a person can do or achieve) that is driven by any combination of their impairments (the medical facts about them) and the imperfect state of society's inaccessibility that sometimes fails to accommodate their needs.
- 4
obsoleteAn inability.
- Grossest faults, or disabilities to perform what was covenanted.
- 5
lawA lack of legal qualification to do something; legal incapacity or incompetency.
- 6
lawA lack of legal qualification to do something; legal incapacity or incompetency.
- 7
informalRegular payments received by a disabled person, usually from the state.
- I had to go on disability after the accident.
- Did you get your disability this month?
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。