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Darwinism is the name for Darwin’s theory of how living things change: they slowly become different over many generations, and natural selection — living or dying depending on how well you fit your surroundings — is a main reason those changes last. People started using the word in Darwin’s own century; the scientist Thomas Henry Huxley was using it by 1860.
Darwinism達爾文主義 is the name for指的是 Darwin's theory of how living things change達爾文解釋生物如何演變的理論：they slowly become different over many generations牠們經過許多世代慢慢變得不同，and natural selection而天擇——living or dying depending on how well you fit your surroundings依你多能適應所處環境而定的生存或死亡——is a main reason those changes last是這些改變得以留存的主要原因。in Darwin's own century在達爾文所處的那個世紀，People started using the word人們就開始使用這個詞了；the scientist Thomas Henry Huxley科學家湯瑪斯·亨利·赫胥黎 was using it by 1860早在1860年就已經在用了。
In careful science talk today, many prefer evolutionary biology or the theory of evolution, because Darwinism can sound like a belief, a team, or a political slogan.
In careful science talk today在今天嚴謹的科學用語裡，many biologists prefer許多生物學家比較喜歡用 evolutionary biology or the theory of evolution「演化生物學」或「演化論」，because因為 Darwinism「達爾文主義」can sound like聽起來可能像 a belief, a team, or a political slogan一種信仰、一個陣營，或政治口號。
Though actually, when people say Social Darwinism they are usually talking about a later, often ugly, use of Darwin’s name to claim that the poor or the weak “should” lose in society. That is not what Darwin’s biology book was for.
Though actually不過，when people say Social Darwinism當人們說「社會達爾文主義」時 they are usually talking about通常指的是 a later, often ugly, use of Darwin's name後來一種常常很醜陋、借用達爾文名字的用法 to claim that the poor or the weak "should" lose in society用來主張窮人或弱者「應該」在社會中被淘汰。That is not what Darwin's biology book was for但那並不是達爾文那本生物學著作原本的用意。
For , Darwinism still mainly points to the science idea of evolution by natural selection, not to the man himself.
For learners對學習者來說，Darwinism「達爾文主義」still mainly points to主要還是指 the science idea of evolution by natural selection天擇演化這個科學概念，not to the man himself而不是指達爾文這個人本身。
組成From Darwin + -ism (a suffix for a school of thought or theory), from the surname of Erasmus Darwin and his grandson Charles Darwin. The word was apparently first used for Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1860.
原始詞典資料7 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
Darwinismnoun/ˈdɑːwɪnɪz(ə)m/
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Charles Darwin's theory regarding the evolution of living organisms through natural selection (set out chiefly in his works On the Origin of Species, 1859; and The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, 1871); also, belief in this theory.
- [W]e do not hesitate to assert that it [Darwin's theory] is as superior to any preceding or contemporary hypothesis, in the extent of observational and experimental basis on which it rests, in its rigorously scientific method, and in its power of explaining biological phenomena, as was the hypothesis of [Nicolaus] Copernicus to the speculations of Ptolemy. But the planetary orbits turned out to be not quite circular after all, and grand as was the service Copernicus rendered to science, [Johannes] Kepler and [Isaac] Newton had to come after him. What if the orbit of Darwinism should be a little to circular?
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biologynatural-sciencesCharles Darwin's theory regarding the evolution of living organisms through natural selection (set out chiefly in his works On the Origin of Species, 1859; and The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, 1871); also, belief in this theory.
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pseudoscienceCharles Darwin's theory regarding the evolution of living organisms through natural selection (set out chiefly in his works On the Origin of Species, 1859; and The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, 1871); also, belief in this theory.
- social Darwinism
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Charles Darwin's theory regarding the evolution of living organisms through natural selection (set out chiefly in his works On the Origin of Species, 1859; and The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, 1871); also, belief in this theory.
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historicalbiologynatural-sciencesErasmus Darwin's poetic style, or theory of natural philosophy suggesting that living organisms developed from simpler lifeforms (set out in his work Zoonomia, 1794–1796).
- The blank verse of Queen Mab differs little from that measure as it appears in the poems of Akenside, who exercised considerable influence over such poets as escaped from the popular vortex of Darwinism.
這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形：
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。