- 1達爾文主義。台灣生物課多說「演化論」；中國大陸較常說「進化論」。
Darwinism is the name for Darwin’s theory of how living things change: they slowly become different over many generations, and natural selection — living or dying depending on how well you fit your surroundings — is a main reason those changes last. People started using the word in Darwin’s own century; the scientist Thomas Henry Huxley was using it by 1860. In careful science talk today, many prefer evolutionary biology or the theory of evolution, because Darwinism can sound like a belief, a team, or a political slogan. Though actually, when people say Social Darwinism they are usually talking about a later, often ugly, use of Darwin’s name to claim that the poor or the weak “should” lose in society. That is not what Darwin’s biology book was for. For , Darwinism still mainly points to the science idea of evolution by natural selection, not to the man himself.
組成From Darwin + -ism (a suffix for a school of thought or theory), from the surname of Erasmus Darwin and his grandson Charles Darwin. The word was apparently first used for Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1860.
原始詞典資料7 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
Darwinismnoun/ˈdɑːwɪnɪz(ə)m/
- 1
Charles Darwin's theory regarding the evolution of living organisms through natural selection (set out chiefly in his works On the Origin of Species, 1859; and The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, 1871); also, belief in this theory.
- [W]e do not hesitate to assert that it [Darwin's theory] is as superior to any preceding or contemporary hypothesis, in the extent of observational and experimental basis on which it rests, in its rigorously scientific method, and in its power of explaining biological phenomena, as was the hypothesis of [Nicolaus] Copernicus to the speculations of Ptolemy. But the planetary orbits turned out to be not quite circular after all, and grand as was the service Copernicus rendered to science, [Johannes] Kepler and [Isaac] Newton had to come after him. What if the orbit of Darwinism should be a little to circular?
- 2
biologynatural-sciencesCharles Darwin's theory regarding the evolution of living organisms through natural selection (set out chiefly in his works On the Origin of Species, 1859; and The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, 1871); also, belief in this theory.
- 3
pseudoscienceCharles Darwin's theory regarding the evolution of living organisms through natural selection (set out chiefly in his works On the Origin of Species, 1859; and The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, 1871); also, belief in this theory.
- social Darwinism
- 4
Charles Darwin's theory regarding the evolution of living organisms through natural selection (set out chiefly in his works On the Origin of Species, 1859; and The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, 1871); also, belief in this theory.
- 5
historicalbiologynatural-sciencesErasmus Darwin's poetic style, or theory of natural philosophy suggesting that living organisms developed from simpler lifeforms (set out in his work Zoonomia, 1794–1796).
- The blank verse of Queen Mab differs little from that measure as it appears in the poems of Akenside, who exercised considerable influence over such poets as escaped from the popular vortex of Darwinism.
這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形：
- neo-Darwinism
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。