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Cybernetics is the science of how information is moved and used to steer things: machines, brains, and nervous systems.
Cybernetics控制論（模控學） is the science of how information is moved and used to steer things是研究資訊如何被傳遞、運用來操控事物的科學: machines, brains, and nervous systems像是機器、大腦和神經系統.
The name comes from a Greek word for the person who steers a ship. A scientist, Norbert Wiener, put the English word in a 1948 book called Cybernetics.
A scientist, Norbert Wiener科學家諾伯特．維納, in a 1948 book called Cybernetics在1948年一本叫做《Cybernetics》的書裡 put the English word用了這個英文字. The name這個名字 comes from a Greek word來自一個希臘字 for the person who steers a ship指「掌舵的人」.
The same old steering idea also sits behind govern, and behind governor in the machine sense — a device that stops an engine going too fast. Wiener had that kind of control in mind. French already had cybernétique in the 1830s for the art of governing.
The same old steering idea這個古老的操控概念 also sits behind govern也藏在govern（治理）這個字背後, and也 behind governor in the machine sense藏在機器意義上的governor（調速器）背後 — a device that stops an engine going too fast一種防止引擎轉太快的裝置. Wiener維納 had that kind of control in mind心裡想的正是這種控制. In the 1830s早在1830年代 French法文 already had已經有 cybernétiquecybernétique這個字 for the art of governing用來指治理的藝術.
Though actually, cybernetics is not another name for computer science. Computers became a useful tool for it, but the heart of the idea is this: a system looks at what is happening, then changes what it does next.
Though actually不過事實上, cybernetics控制論 is not another name for computer science並不是電腦科學的另一個說法. Computers電腦 became a useful tool for it成為研究它的實用工具, but但 the heart of the idea is this這個概念的核心是這樣的: a system looks at what is happening一個系統會觀察正在發生的事, then changes what it does next然後改變它接下來的行動.
組成From Ancient Greek kubernētēs (“steersman”), from kubernáō (“to steer”), the same root as English govern. Norbert Wiener used it as a book title in 1948. French cybernétique (“the art of governing”) is from the 1830s. Kubernetes is a later doublet from that same “steersman” word.
同家族的字
- cyberneticthe describing form of this science word
- governfrom the same Greek “steer a ship” root
- governoronce also a machine that limits speed; Wiener had this kind of control in mind
- Kubernetesa later name from the same Greek word for steersman
原始詞典資料3 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
cyberneticsnoun/ˌsaɪ.bə(ɹ)ˈnɛ.tɪks/
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The theory/science of communication and control in living organisms or machines.
- Near-synonym: control theory (not consistently differentiated)
- Chasing and fleeing, though, are not just sequences of muscle contractions—they are goal-directed. Chasing may consist of running or climbing or leaping or ambushing, depending on the circumstances, as long as it increases the chances of snagging the prey; fleeing may include hiding or freezing or zigzagging. And that brings up another momentous 20th-century idea, sometimes called cybernetics, feedback, or control. The idea explains how a physical system can appear to be teleological, that is, directed by purposes or goals. All it needs are a way of sensing the state of itself and its environment, a representation of a goal state (what it “wants,” what it’s “trying for”), an ability to compute the difference between the current state and the goal state, and a repertoire of actions that are tagged with their typical effects. If the system is wired so that it triggers actions that typically reduce the difference between the current state and the goal state, it can be said to pursue goals (and when the world is sufficiently predictable, it will attain them). The principle was discovered by natural selection in the form of homeostasis, as when our bodies regulate their temperature by shivering and sweating. When it was discovered by humans, it was engineered into analog systems like thermostats and cruise control and then into digital systems like chess-playing programs and autonomous robots.
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The art/study of governing, controlling automatic processes and communication.
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Technology related to computers and the Internet.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。