- 1控制論、模控學。台灣學界常用「模控學」；中國大陸較常說「控制論」。
Cybernetics is the science of how information is moved and used to steer things: machines, brains, and nervous systems. The name comes from a Greek word for the person who steers a ship. A scientist, Norbert Wiener, put the English word in a 1948 book called Cybernetics. The same old steering idea also sits behind govern, and behind governor in the machine sense — a device that stops an engine going too fast. Wiener had that kind of control in mind. French already had cybernétique in the 1830s for the art of governing. Though actually, cybernetics is not another name for computer science. Computers became a useful tool for it, but the heart of the idea is this: a system looks at what is happening, then changes what it does next.
組成From Ancient Greek kubernētēs (“steersman”), from kubernáō (“to steer”), the same root as English govern. Norbert Wiener used it as a book title in 1948. French cybernétique (“the art of governing”) is from the 1830s. Kubernetes is a later doublet from that same “steersman” word.
同家族的字
- cyberneticthe describing form of this science word
- governfrom the same Greek “steer a ship” root
- governoronce also a machine that limits speed; Wiener had this kind of control in mind
- Kubernetesa later name from the same Greek word for steersman
原始詞典資料3 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
cyberneticsnoun/ˌsaɪ.bə(ɹ)ˈnɛ.tɪks/
- 1
The theory/science of communication and control in living organisms or machines.
- Near-synonym: control theory (not consistently differentiated)
- Chasing and fleeing, though, are not just sequences of muscle contractions—they are goal-directed. Chasing may consist of running or climbing or leaping or ambushing, depending on the circumstances, as long as it increases the chances of snagging the prey; fleeing may include hiding or freezing or zigzagging. And that brings up another momentous 20th-century idea, sometimes called cybernetics, feedback, or control. The idea explains how a physical system can appear to be teleological, that is, directed by purposes or goals. All it needs are a way of sensing the state of itself and its environment, a representation of a goal state (what it “wants,” what it’s “trying for”), an ability to compute the difference between the current state and the goal state, and a repertoire of actions that are tagged with their typical effects. If the system is wired so that it triggers actions that typically reduce the difference between the current state and the goal state, it can be said to pursue goals (and when the world is sufficiently predictable, it will attain them). The principle was discovered by natural selection in the form of homeostasis, as when our bodies regulate their temperature by shivering and sweating. When it was discovered by humans, it was engineered into analog systems like thermostats and cruise control and then into digital systems like chess-playing programs and autonomous robots.
- 2
The art/study of governing, controlling automatic processes and communication.
- 3
Technology related to computers and the Internet.
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。