核心畫面

Picture the family tree: not your or sister, but the child of your parent's or sister — one branch over, same trunk. English keeps that shape when it talks about things too: two things off the same trunk, close but not the same.

可以想成:家族樹上隔壁那根枝子——不是自己的兄弟姊妹,而是叔伯姑舅阿姨的孩子,出自同一個樹幹。英文一個字就把中文的堂更多收起可以想成:家族樹上隔壁那根枝子——不是自己的兄弟姊妹,而是叔伯姑舅阿姨的孩子,出自同一個樹幹。英文一個字就把中文的堂、表、兄、弟、姊、妹全包了,也不分男女。這個「同一個源頭、隔一根枝子」的形狀後來也被拿去講東西:兩樣東西同源,很像但不是同一種。

From the picture

同源或相像的東西

把家族樹的形狀套到事物上:兩樣東西來自同一個源頭,或長得很像,就用親戚關係來描述它們的距離。

related thing · noun · A2

Something that comes from the same family or source as another thing.

近親/同源的東西

Also in this word

aunt/uncle's child · noun · A2

The child of your uncle or aunt.

表(堂)兄弟姊妹

原始詞典資料16 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

Cousinname詞源 1

  • 1

    A surname from Middle English.

Cousinnoun詞源 2

  • 1

    slanglifestyleA fan of the character Lucien LaCroix from the Canadian television series Forever Knight.

    • > Am I the only one in the world who's actually *rooting* for Nick > to bite somebody, lose all his humanity points, and start back at square > one? […] No, you're not the only one. Sounds to me like you're a Cousin.
    • of course, even a Cousin comme moi has to admit that GWD [Geraint Wyn Davies] can do the wicked hot vampire thing too, when given the opportunity...

cousinnoun/ˈkʌzn̩/

  • 1

    Chiefly with a qualifying word: Any relation (especially a distant one) who is not a direct ancestor or descendant but part of a person's extended family; a kinsman or kinswoman.

    • Salute Andronicus⸝ and Junia my coſyns⸝ which were preſoners with me alſo⸝ which are wele taken amonge the apoſtles⸝ and were in Chriſt before me.
    • Hovv novv brother, vvhere is my coſen your ſonne, hath he prouided this muſique?
  • 2

    Chiefly with a qualifying word: Any relation (especially a distant one) who is not a direct ancestor or descendant but part of a person's extended family; a kinsman or kinswoman.

    • […] I never knevv the marriage of ſecond Coſens forbidden, but by them vvho at the ſame time forbad the marriage of the firſt: […] And vve find that Iſaac married his ſecond Coſen, and that vvas more for it then ever could be ſaid againſt it.
  • 3

    Chiefly with a qualifying word: Any relation (especially a distant one) who is not a direct ancestor or descendant but part of a person's extended family; a kinsman or kinswoman.

    • Although we were cousins, we grew up like sisters.
    • Cooſen Aumarle. / Hovv far brought you high Hereford on his vvay? / […] / VVhat ſaid our couſin vvhen you parted vvith him?
  • 4

    A person of an ethnicity or nationality regarded as closely related to someone of another ethnicity or nationality.

    • [H]e had received such good accounts from the Upper Nez Percés of their cousins, the Lower Nez Percés, that he had become desirous of knowing them as friends and brothers.
    • Gusts of letters blow in from all corners of the British Isles. These are presently reinforced by Canada in full blast. A few weeks later the Anglo-Indians weigh in. In due course we have the help of our Australian cousins.
  • 5

    Used as a term of address for someone whom one is close to; also, (preceding a first name, sometimes capitalized as Cousin) a title for such a person.

    • I aſſure you, my dirty Couſin! thof his Skin be ſo vvhite, and to be ſure, it is the moſt vvhiteſt that ever vvas ſeen, I am a Chriſtian as vvell as he, and no-body can ſay that I am baſe born, […]
    • Marry quep, my cousin the weaver! And why the cucking-stool, I pray?—because my young lady is comely, and the young squire is a man of mettle, reverence to his beard that is yet to come?
  • 6

    Used by a monarch to address another monarch, or a noble; specifically (UK) in commissions and writs by the Crown: used in this way to address a viscount or another peer of higher rank.

    • My noble L[ords] and Coſens all, good morrovv, / I haue beene long a ſleeper, but I hope / My abſence doth neglect no great deſignes, / VVhich by my preſence might haue been concluded.
    • Therefore vve meruaile much our Coſin France / VVould in ſo iuſt a buſineſſe, ſhut his boſome / Againſt our borrovving prayers.
  • 7

    Something kindred or related to something else; a relative.

    • Her dolour ſoone ſhe ceaſt, and on her dight / Her Helmet, to her Courſer mounting light: / Her former ſorrovv into ſuddein vvrath, / Both cooſen paſſions of diſtroubled ſpright, / Conuerting, forth ſhe beates the duſty path; / Loue and deſpight attonce her courage kindled hath.
    • The euill habit of the body, is next coſin to the dropſie, […]
  • 8

    obsoleteA female sexual partner who is not a person's wife; specifically, a prostitute.

    • Viola Svvagger vvorſe then a Lieutenant among freſhvvater ſouldiers, call me your loue, your ingle, your coſen, or ſo; but ſiſter at no hand. / Fuſt[igo]. No, no, it ſhall be cozen, or rather cuz that's the gulling vvord betvveene the Cittizens vviues and their old dames, that man em to the garden; […] [W]hy ſiſter do you thinke I'le cunny-catch you, vvhen you are my cozen?
另外 2 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    obsoleteA person who is swindled; a dupe.

    • [I]f a plaine fellow well and cleanely apparelled, either in home-ſpun ruſſet or freeze (as the ſeaſon requires) with a five pouch at his girdle, happen to appeare in his ruſticall likenes: there is a Cozen ſaies one, At which word out flies the Taker, and thus giues the onſet vpon my olde Pennyfather.
  • 10

    obsoleterareA person who womanizes; a seducer, a womanizer.

    • Those whom Venus is said to rule, […] Wenchers, Leachers, Shakers, Smockers, Cousins, Cullies, Stallions and Bellibumpers; […]

cousinverb/ˈkʌzn̩/

  • 1

    rareTo address (someone) as "cousin".

    • [N]o, no, let me alone to cozen you rarely.
    • At length she seemed to relent, or changed her tactics, for she looked over his shoulder as he sketched, and Cousined him two or three times as usual.
  • 2

    rareTo regard (oneself or someone) as a cousin to another person.

    • Mrs. M[uddlebrain]. […] Mary, who is this young man? / Mary. That's my cousin, ma'am, just stept in to lend us a helping hand in placing the things. / […] / Shuffle. What the devil did she say about a tall grenadier, and the pantry? Mrs. Shuffle! Mrs. Shuffle! / Mary. Hush! Are you mad? Do you want to tell all the world that we're married, and get me turned away? / Shuffle. No; but the grenadier? / Mary. Came to see the cook; so to prevent all the fat being in the fire, I cousined him, and made him a relation. / Shuffle. Yes; and remember you've cousined me too.
    • [T]he old gentleman took me into the house and introduced me to the family, where I was at once cousined by them all.
  • 3

    regionalinformalTo associate with someone or something on a close basis.

    • In an appendix to The Mechanic Muse, he [Hugh Kenner] finds Victorian symbolist practice serving to release the signifier from centuries of post-Enlightenment confusion about the proper wedding (or at least cousining) of word and thing.
    • [P]atients would escape into the town for a bit of a fling or "cousining" as it was called. "Cousining" was a Saranac Lake euphemism that applied to a couple, both of them patients and sometimes already married with a spouse living far away, who spent time together or dated each other.
  • 4

    regionalinformalTo visit a cousin or other relation.

    • You know when you get up in the morning that you have a certain quantity of cousining to go through before the day is over, and you make up your mind to it; read a page of Seneca, add a verse to your litany, and commit yourself to Providence, like a wise man and a Christian.
    • Who then that has a cousin, has aught to say against cousining? We do indeed often her sneeringly the expression of "Dutch cousining" or "Yankee cousining," as if there was something mean in the act of visiting those who are "next of kin." To such as do it, I feel an unconquerable aversion or excessive pity; as they appear censorious or betray a stupidity that cannot feel a consanguine tie beyond their hearth.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。