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Choleric describes a person who is quick to anger — bad-tempered, sharp, easily set off. It is not the everyday word; angry and bad-tempered do that job. Choleric feels old and a bit formal, and you mostly meet it in books, character notes, or talk about old personality types. Though actually, it comes from that same old doctor story: a “choleric” person was one whose body, they said, had too much yellow bile (), so they burned hot and snapped. We no longer believe the body works that way, but we kept the adjective for the temper. It can also be a noun for such a person, though that use is even rarer.
易怒的、脾氣暴躁的；舊稱「膽汁質」（四種氣質之一）
原始詞典資料15 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
cholericadj/ˈkɒləɹɪk/
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historicalmedicinesciencesSenses relating to choler or yellow bile (“one of the four humours formerly believed to be secreted by the liver”).
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historicalmedicinesciencesSenses relating to choler or yellow bile (“one of the four humours formerly believed to be secreted by the liver”).
- Alway remember, that in wynter fleume increaſeth by reaſon of rayne and moyſtneſſe of that ſeaſon, alſo the length of nyghtes and moche reſte. And therfore in that tyme cholerike perſons, are beſt at eaſe, ſemblably are yonge men, but to olde men wynter is ennemye.
- And let a Man bevvare, hovv he keepeth Company, vvith Cholerick and Quarelſome Perſons; for they vvill engage him into their ovvne Quarels.
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historicalastrologyhuman-sciencesmedicineSenses relating to choler or yellow bile (“one of the four humours formerly believed to be secreted by the liver”).
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obsoletehistoricalmedicinesciencesSenses relating to choler or yellow bile (“one of the four humours formerly believed to be secreted by the liver”).
- [T]he cholerike ſtomake, doth not deſyre ſo much as he may digeſte, the melancholye ſtomake may not digeſte ſo moche as he deſyreth: for colde maketh appetyte, but naturall heate concocteth or boyleth.
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obsoletehistoricalmedicinesciencesSenses relating to choler or yellow bile (“one of the four humours formerly believed to be secreted by the liver”).
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obsoletehistoricalmedicinesciencesSenses relating to choler or yellow bile (“one of the four humours formerly believed to be secreted by the liver”).
- Gru[mio]. VVhat ſay you to a Neats foote? / Kate [Katherina Minola]. 'Tis paſsing good, I prethee let me haue it. / Gru. I feare it is too chollericke a meate. / Hovv ſay you to a fat Tripe finely broyl'd? / Kate. I like it vvell, good Grumio fetch it me. / Gru. I cannot tell, I feare 'tis chollericke. / VVhat ſay you to a peece of Beefe and Muſtard?
- A chollericke parcell of food it is, that vvho ſo ties himſelfe to racke and manger to for fiue ſummers, and fiue vvinters, he ſhall beget a child that vvill be a ſouldiour and a commaunder before hee hath caſt his firſt teeth, […]
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Senses relating to choler or yellow bile (“one of the four humours formerly believed to be secreted by the liver”).
- […] Moſes might ſeem to bee the ſharpeſt, the rougheſt, and the cholorickeſt man yͭ euer vvas: and that vvas againſt his nature.
- VVhat, vvhat, my Lord? Are you ſo chollericke / VVith Elianor [Eleanor Cobham], for telling but her dreame?
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Senses relating to choler or yellow bile (“one of the four humours formerly believed to be secreted by the liver”).
- Though that he were poſting in fatal iourney to deaths doore, / Yeet this quick cholerick challenge hee could not abandon.
- That in the Captaine's but a chollericke vvord, / VVhich in the Souldier is flat blaſphemie.
另外 3 個記錄的用法
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obsoleteSenses relating to choler or yellow bile (“one of the four humours formerly believed to be secreted by the liver”).
- [T]he common opinion is (though long ſince exploded by Columella) that all hot, and choleric grounds, are red or brovvn; cold and dry, blackiſh; cold and moiſt, vvhitiſh; hot and moiſt, ruddy; […]
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Senses relating to cholera (“any of several acute infectious diseases caused by certain strains of the Vibrio cholerae bacterium”).
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medicinesciencesSenses relating to cholera (“any of several acute infectious diseases caused by certain strains of the Vibrio cholerae bacterium”).
- I now proceed to enumerate those lesions and morbid changes found in the bodies of those cut off by cholera, which must have preceded the appearance of the disease, and which, existing, as they did, in very different organs, had no connection with the choleric symptoms, but nevertheless rendered the chance of recovery much less likely.
cholericnoun/ˈkɒləɹɪk/
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historicalmedicinesciencesSenses relating to choler.
- According to the difference of Mens Conſtitutions, ſo they have choſen various VVays, that did moſt ſute vvith their Tempers, […] The Sanguine love Pageantry; the Flegmatick, the dull return of their Forms; the Melancholy affect Severities; and the Cholerick are peeviſh and paſſionate, and think thoſe Heats that are natural to them, are Sacrifices of great value vvith God. But vvill he accept of theſe from ſuch defiled hands?
- According as one or other of these fluids or "humours" got the upper hand in the body, did the person belong to one or other of the four recognized temperaments—the sanguine, the phlegmatic (or lymphatic), the choleric, the melancholic. Certain qualities were assumed to belong to each of these temperaments. […] The cholerics show ambition, stubbornness, love of work, courage; […]
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Senses relating to choler.
- [A]s Plutarch ſaith, Men are not vvoont to dravv a freſh cheeſe vvith a hooke: but as for the cholericke, they dravv not, but brooze, breake and ſhatter in peeces; and in ſtead of dravving, do thruſt off children from comming to learning.
- [W]e ſhall produce one great group of orators, in vvhich vvill be exhibited ſpecimens of every branch of the art. You vvill have at one vievv, the choleric, the placid, the voluble, the frigid, the frothy, the turgid, the calm, and the clamorous; […]
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Senses relating to cholera.
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obsoletemedicinesciencesSenses relating to cholera.
- Persons laboring under pulmonary affections appear to be less liable than others, though I have found softened tubercles in some cholerics.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。