那張證明文件
這一組抓住畫面裡看得見、摸得到的那個結果:一張別人認的紙。
certificate (document) · noun · B1
An official document showing that someone is qualified, or that something meets a required standard.
認證;證照
Picture an outside body checking you or your product, deciding it is good enough, and then putting that decision on paper with a stamp on it. English uses the one noun for both halves of that scene: the paper you end up holding, and the whole checking-and-approving process that produced it.
Two branches
那張證明文件
這一組抓住畫面裡看得見、摸得到的那個結果:一張別人認的紙。
certificate (document) · noun · B1
An official document showing that someone is qualified, or that something meets a required standard.
認證;證照
審查核發的過程
同一件事,鏡頭從那張紙拉回到產生它的過程:送件、檢查、審核、核發。英文的 -ation 名詞常常同時裝得下「動作」和「動作的成果」,這個字就是典型的例子。
certification (process) · noun · B2
The process of checking a person or thing and then officially approving them in writing.
認證(過程)
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
certificationnoun/ˌsɜː.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
The act of certifying.
The granting of a certificate.
A professional qualification that certifies a person's ability.
資料來源:英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary(CC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。