A short word you put in front of a list when you are about to name the exact things you only hinted at a moment before. You write something general — "three of the founding members", "the usual charges" — and then you write viz, and then you say who or what you actually mean. It is short for the Latin videlicet, meaning "it is permitted to see", i.e. "namely".

A short word一個簡短的字, you put in front of a list你把它放在一份清單前面 when you are about to name the exact things you only hinted at a moment before當你準備要說出剛才只是點到為止的確切內容時。You write something general你先寫一個籠統的說法──"three of the founding members", "the usual charges"「三位創始成員」、「一般的費用」──and then you write viz接著你寫 viz, and then you say who or what you actually mean然後才說出你真正指的是誰或是什麼。It is short for the Latin videlicet它是拉丁文 videlicet 的縮寫, meaning "it is permitted to see"意思是「可以看見」, i.e.也就是說。"namely"「namely」（即、也就是說）。

Almost nobody says it out loud; when people do read it aloud, they usually say "namely" instead of the letters. It belongs to written English of a formal, old-fashioned, slightly legal kind — contracts, minutes of meetings, academic footnotes, older textbooks. In ordinary writing today, people write namely, or that is, or just a colon.

Almost nobody says it out loud幾乎沒有人會把它唸出來; when people do read it aloud偶爾有人唸出聲時, they usually say "namely" instead of the letters通常會唸成「namely」，而不是唸字母。It belongs to它屬於 written English of a formal, old-fashioned, slightly legal kind正式、老派、帶點法律味的書面英語──contracts, minutes of meetings, academic footnotes, older textbooks合約、會議紀錄、學術註腳、老課本。In ordinary writing today在現在的一般寫作裡, people write namely, or that is, or just a colon人們會寫 namely、或 that is，或乾脆用個冒號。

Two things worth knowing. First, viz introduces the FULL list of what you meant — everything, not a sample. If you only want to give an example or two, you want e.g., not viz.

Two things worth knowing有兩件事值得知道。First第一, viz introduces the FULL list of what you meant viz 帶出的是你所指的完整清單──everything, not a sample是全部，不是舉例。If you only want to give an example or two如果你只是想舉一兩個例子, you want e.g., not viz你該用的是 e.g.，不是 viz。

Second, viz is not the same as i.e.: i.e. rewords one thing in different words, while viz names the members of something you described as a group. The comma after it is optional and older writers often left it out. You are far more likely to need to READ this word than to write it — if you are writing, namely will serve you better and no one will think less of you.

Second第二, viz is not the same as i.e.viz 和 i.e. 不一樣: i.e. rewords one thing in different words i.e. 是把同一件事換句話說, while viz names the members of something you described as a group而 viz 則是把你稱為一個群體的東西，一一列出成員。The comma after it is optional它後面的逗號是可加可不加的 and older writers often left it out老一輩的作者常常省略。You are far more likely to need to READ this word than to write it你更可能是需要讀懂這個字，而不是自己去寫它──if you are writing如果是你在寫, namely will serve you better and no one will think less of you用 namely 會更好用，也不會有人因此看輕你。