Upwind means towards the place the wind is coming from — so if you walk upwind, the wind is blowing into your face. Downwind is the opposite: the wind pushes at your back, and anything carried by the wind, like smoke or smell, travels downwind.

"Upwind"Upwind"means towards the place the wind is coming from"意思是朝著風吹來的方向——"so if you walk upwind"所以如果你往upwind的方向走，"the wind is blowing into your face"風會迎面吹來。"Downwind is the opposite"Downwind順風是相反的方向："the wind pushes at your back"風會推著你的背，"and anything carried by the wind, like smoke or smell, travels downwind"而任何被風帶著走的東西，像煙或氣味，都會往downwind的方向飄。

This matters in real life more than students expect. A hunter or a wildlife photographer stays upwind of nothing and downwind of the animal, because an animal downwind of you will smell you. If there is a fire or a gas leak, you are told to move upwind, because the smoke goes the other way. Sailors use it constantly: sailing upwind is hard work and means going in zigzags, since a boat cannot sail straight into the wind.

"This matters in real life more than students expect"這在真實生活中的重要性，比學生想像的還要大。"A hunter or a wildlife photographer"獵人或野生動物攝影師"stays upwind of nothing and downwind of the animal"不會站在upwind上風處，而是站在動物的downwind下風處，"because an animal downwind of you will smell you"因為在你downwind下風處的動物會聞到你的味道。"If there is a fire or a gas leak"如果發生火災或瓦斯外洩，"you are told to move upwind"你會被告知要往upwind上風處移動，"because the smoke goes the other way"因為煙會往另一個方向飄。"Sailors use it constantly"水手常常用這個字："sailing upwind is hard work"sailing upwind逆風航行很吃力，"and means going in zigzags"意思是要走之字形，"since a boat cannot sail straight into the wind"因為船沒辦法直接頂著風走。

The word works as an adverb ('we moved upwind') and as an adjective ('the upwind side of the building'). When you name what you are measuring from, use 'of': 'stay upwind of the smoke', 'the village lies upwind of the factory'.

"The word works as an adverb"這個字可以當副詞"('we moved upwind')"（像「we moved upwind」我們往upwind上風處移動），"and as an adjective"也可以當形容詞"('the upwind side of the building')"（像「the upwind side of the building」建築物的upwind上風那一側）。"When you name what you are measuring from, use 'of'"當你要指出是相對於什麼東西的時候，用「of」："'stay upwind of the smoke'"像「stay upwind of the smoke」待在煙的upwind上風處、"'the village lies upwind of the factory'"「the village lies upwind of the factory」村莊位在工廠的upwind上風處。

It is a plain, practical word — not formal, but you mostly meet it in sailing, flying, hunting, farming, and safety instructions rather than in ordinary conversation.

"It is a plain, practical word"這是一個樸實、實用的字——"not formal"不算正式，"but you mostly meet it in sailing, flying, hunting, farming, and safety instructions"但你大多是在航海、飛行、打獵、農務和安全指示裡遇到它，"rather than in ordinary conversation"而不是在一般對話裡。