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A turnpike is a big fast road that you pay to use. The word is strongly American, and inside America it is really a regional word: you hear it in the northeast — the New Jersey Turnpike, the Pennsylvania Turnpike, the Massachusetts Turnpike — while people in other parts of the country say , toll road, or just highway.
A turnpike收費公路 is是 a big fast road that you pay to use一種要付費才能走的大型快速道路. The word is strongly American這個字非常美式, and inside America it is really a regional word而且在美國內部其實是個地區性的用字: you hear it in the northeast — the New Jersey Turnpike, the Pennsylvania Turnpike, the Massachusetts Turnpike在東北部會聽到，像紐澤西收費公路、賓州收費公路、麻州收費公路, while people in other parts of the country say tollway, toll road, or just highway其他地區的人則說tollway、toll road，或直接說highway
Because those famous roads carry the word in their names, Americans often use 'the turnpike' to mean one particular road that everyone nearby knows, the way you would say 'the freeway'. In Massachusetts people it further and say 'the Pike'. Note that a road can keep the name turnpike even after the tolls are gone, so the name sometimes outlives the paying.
Because those famous roads carry the word in their names因為這些有名的道路名字裡就帶著這個字, Americans often use 'the turnpike' to mean one particular road that everyone nearby knows美國人常常說「the turnpike」，指附近的人都知道的那一條特定道路, the way you would say 'the freeway'就像你會說「the freeway」一樣. In Massachusetts people shorten it further and say 'the Pike'在麻州，人們會再縮短，說「the Pike」. Note that a road can keep the name turnpike even after the tolls are gone要注意，就算已經不收費了，一條路還是可能保留turnpike這個名字, so the name sometimes outlives the paying所以有時候名字會比收費本身撐得更久
In Britain the word is history rather than driving: turnpikes were the old toll roads of the 1700s and 1800s, and today you meet the word in museums and old place names, not on road signs.
In Britain the word is history rather than driving在英國，這個字比較是歷史，不是開車會用到的字: turnpikes were the old toll roads of the 1700s and 1800sturnpike指的是十八、十九世紀的舊式收費道路, and today you meet the word in museums and old place names現在只會在博物館和舊地名裡看到這個字, not on road signs不會出現在路標上
組成turn + pike, where pike is an old word for a long pointed shaft or pole. The original turnpike was not a road at all — it was the spiked barrier lying across the road. The keeper turned the pike aside to let you through once you paid, and over time the name of the barrier became the name of the whole road.
原始詞典資料7 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
turnpikenoun/ˈtɜː(ɹ)npaɪk/
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A frame consisting of two bars crossing each other at right angles and turning on a post or pin, to hinder the passage of animals, but admitting a person to pass between the arms.
- 1626, Ben Jonson, The Staple of News, Act III, Scene 1, Yale Studies in English Vol. 28, New York: Henry Holt, 1905, p. 58, I moue vpon my axell, like a turne-pike, / Fit my face to the parties, and become / Straight one of them.
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A gate or bar set across a road to stop carriages, animals, and sometimes people, until a toll is paid.
- 1722, Daniel Defoe, A Journal of the Plague Year, London: E. Nutt et al., pp. 9-10, […] it was rumour’d that an order of the Government was to be issued out, to place Turn-pikes and Barriers on the Road, to prevent Peoples travelling;
- […] Pope Pelagius, then Bishop of Rome […] thereupon assum'd the Power of opening and shutting Heaven's Gates; and he afterwards setting a Price or Toll upon the Entrance, as we do here at passing a Turn-pike […]
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A winding stairway.
- Ramsay stabbed Ruthven accordingly and James lending his assistance they thrust the wounded man down the turnpike by which Ramsay had ascended Voices and steps were now heard advancing upwards and Ramsay knowing the accents called out to sir Thomas Erskine to come up the turnpike stair even to the head Sir Thomas Erskine was accompanied by sir Hugh Harris the king's physician a lame man and unfit for fighting Near the bottom of the turnpike sir Thomas Erskine in his ascent met Ruthven bleeding in the face and neck and called out Fie strike I this is the traitor l on which Alexander Ruthven was run through the body having only breath remaining to say Alas I had no blame of it
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governmentmilitarypoliticsA beam filled with spikes to obstruct passage; a cheval de frise.
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A toll road, especially a toll expressway. In some places the clipped version, pike, is used for roads without tolls.
- Eleven Pair of Mills ſtand within Four Miles of the Place, which bring a great Trade to it: But the Road is by this means ſo continually torn, that it is one of the worſt Turnpikes about London.
- [T]here is a bundle of pawnbrokers' duplicates, those turnpike tickets on the road of poverty ...
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A trajectory on a finite time interval that satisfies an optimality criterion which is associated with a cost function.
- In the monograph we discuss a number of results concerning turnpike properties in the calculus of variations and optimal control which were obtained by the author in the last ten years.
turnpikeverb/ˈtɜː(ɹ)npaɪk/
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To form (a road, etc.) in the manner of a turnpike road, or into a rounded form, as the path of a road.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。