A townscape is the way a town looks when you take it in all at once — the roofs, the church tower, the shop fronts, the shape of the streets, how the buildings sit together against the sky. Not one building. The whole view, as a picture. The word is built on landscape, and it works the same way. A landscape is a stretch of countryside seen as a view; a townscape is a stretch of town seen as a view. Both words do double duty: they mean the real thing in front of you, and also a painting or photograph of it. 'A townscape by Utrillo' is a picture; 'the townscape has changed since the tower block went up' is the real place. You meet the word most in two places: art (in a gallery, next to paintings of streets) and town planning (where officials argue about whether a new building will 'damage the historic townscape'). That second use tells you something important — townscape usually carries a sense of something valuable and fragile, something worth protecting. Nobody writes a planning report to praise an ugly townscape. A note on register: this is a written, slightly formal word. It is not what a friend says over dinner. Standing on a hill above a town, an ordinary speaker says 'look at the view' or 'look at the town from up here'. A writer or an architect says townscape. Understanding it is worth much more to you than using it. The -scape ending has quietly become productive in English — you will also meet cityscape, seascape, moonscape, and now soundscape, which is the same idea for what you hear rather than what you see.

城鎮景觀、市容（整座小鎮看過去的整體樣貌，也可指畫這種景的畫）