A summing-up is a short speech or statement at the end of something, giving the main points and leaving out the details.

A summing-up summing-up是is a short speech or statement一段簡短的發言或陳述at the end of something在某件事的結尾, giving說出the main points重點and leaving out省略the details細節

Its home is the courtroom: after both sides have spoken, the judge gives the summing-up — going back over the evidence, explaining the law, and telling the jury what they must decide. That is the strongest and most technical use, and it is British legal language (in American courts, the lawyers' final speeches are called 'closing arguments', and the judge gives 'jury instructions').

Its它的home主要場合是is the courtroom法庭: after在雙方都發言完後both sides have spoken, the judge法官gives會做出the summing-upsumming-up（結案總結）— going back over回顧the evidence證據, explaining the law解釋法律, and telling the jury告訴陪審團what they must decide他們必須做出什麼決定；That那是is the strongest and most technical use最強、最專業的用法, and it它是is British legal language英式法律用語（in在美國法庭裡American courts, the lawyers' final speeches律師的結辯發言are called叫做'closing arguments''closing arguments', and the judge法官gives做的則是'jury instructions'.'jury instructions'（對陪審團的指示）)

Outside court, people borrow it for the closing part of any long discussion: the end of a meeting, a debate, a conference, a report.

Outside court在法庭之外, people人們borrow it借用這個字for用來指the closing part結尾的部分of any long discussion任何長篇討論的: the end of a meeting會議的結尾, a debate辯論, a conference研討會, a report報告

'In his summing-up, the chairman said the project should go ahead.' The plural is 'summings-up', which sounds odd but is correct — the 's' goes on the noun part, as in 'passers-by'.

'In his summing-up, the chairman said the project should go ahead.''In his summing-up, the chairman said the project should go ahead.'（在他的總結發言裡，主席說這個專案應該繼續進行）The plural複數形是is 'summings-up''summings-up', which而這sounds odd but is correct聽起來很怪但是對的— the 's's的位置goes on加在the noun part名詞那個部分上, as in就像'passers-by''passers-by'（路人）那樣

It comes from the verb phrase 'sum up', meaning to give the main points briefly, and you will hear that verb far more often than the noun: 'To sum up, we need more time and more money.' Note that a summing-up is meant to be fair and complete in its shape, not just short — a judge who leaves out something important can have the whole trial overturned.

It它comes from源自the verb phrase動詞片語'sum up''sum up', meaning意思是to give簡短說出the main points briefly重點, and you你will hear會聽到that verb這個動詞far more often比名詞常見得多than the noun: 'To sum up, we need more time and more money.''To sum up, we need more time and more money.'（總結來說，我們需要更多時間和更多錢）Note要注意的是that a summing-up summing-up應該是is meant to be fair and complete in its shape公正完整的, not just short只是簡短而已— a judge一位法官who leaves out如果漏掉something important某個重要的東西can have整場審判the whole trial overturned可能被推翻