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A grammar word. A stative verb describes a state — how something IS, not something you DO. Know, believe, belong, own, contain, seem, need, like, hate are all stative. Because a state simply exists rather than happening moment by moment, English normally refuses to put these verbs in the -ing form: we say I know the answer and This book belongs to me, never I am knowing or It is belonging to me. The opposite kind is called a dynamic or action verb — run, eat, build, write — and those take -ing happily. Now the honest part, which textbooks often hide: the line is not clean. Many verbs work both ways depending on meaning. I think it's fine is stative (an opinion), but I'm thinking about it is dynamic (mental work happening now). I see a bird is stative; I'm seeing a doctor is an appointment. He is rude means that's his character; he is being rude means he's acting that way right now. And I'm loving this song is used constantly by younger speakers and in advertising, though some older people still call it wrong. So treat stative as a strong tendency, not an iron law. The word also works as a noun for the verb itself: "belong is a stative."
狀態動詞的(文法術語);台灣課本多稱「狀態動詞」,與「動作動詞」相對
組成來自拉丁文 stativus「停留不動的」,一樣出自 stō「站」那個字根 —— 狀態就是「站在那裡不動」的意思。
同家族的字
- staticsame Latin 'standing still' root
- stationsame stand root — a place of staying
- stationaryfrom the same Latin stō, and the same idea of not moving
原始詞典資料3 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
stativeadj/ˈsteɪtɪv/
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grammarhuman-scienceslinguisticsOf a verb: asserting, generally intransitively, that a subject has a particular property, quality or status.
- Granted, then, that the original meaning of these verbs was stative, the fact that a number of them have more or less involuntary meaning admits of a ready explanation. From the idea of becoming, in which originally there was in all probability no idea of volition, the idea of becoming, happening independently of the will, might very readily be developed, and this may have taken place in the case of verbs with more or less involuntary meaning. After this involuntary type was once established, it is of course possible that it should have become independently productive, and that verbs expressing an involuntary action not derived from more original stative verbs should take the intransitive form. Such a process, however, does not seem to have taken place in Hebrew. The so-called intransitive verbs, therefore, to judge from the material in Hebrew, seem originally to have denoted states or conditions or a change of state, while the transitive verbs denoted actions.
- 2000 James P. Allen: Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs. Cambridge University Press The stative is a verb form used to express a state of being in which its subject is, was, or will be. Originally, the stative expressed the perfect tense: that is, completed action. By Middle Egyptian, however, other verb forms were used for that function, and the stative had come to express instead the result of a completed action. In this respect, the stative is similar to the English past participle. In the sentence The table is set, for example, the past participle set describes both a state in which its subject (the table) is and the result of a prior action (in this case, of someone setting the table). Because of this similarity, the stative is sometimes called the pseudoparticiple. The stative still retains its older meaning of completed action in one use in Middle Egyptian, and for this reason it is also known as the old perfective.
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obsoleteraregovernmentmilitarypoliticsOf or relating to a fixed camp, or military posts or quarters.
- 1805 On the Situation, Manners and Inhabitants of Germany; and the Life Of Agricola; by Cornelius Tacitus: Translated into English by John Aikin. The camp also was weak, being no more than a common one, such as the Romans flung up on their march. It has no appearance of ever having been stative.
- 1831 James Knox: The topography of the basin of the Tay It is evident, that a Roman station has existed at Bertha; and one of the objects of its construction here, seems to have been the command of the ford across the Tay. Derder's Ford, being the first above the tide-way, the importance of the position, in a military point of view, is obvious. From the ramparts that remain, it appears to have been of considerably larger dimensions than the celebrated stative camp at Ardoch.
stativenoun/ˈsteɪtɪv/
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grammarhuman-scienceslinguisticsA construct asserting that a subject has a particular property.
資料來源:英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary(CC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。