多出來、用不到
這一族就是核心畫面本身：位置已經被填滿，所以這一份沒地方放。
not needed · adjective · B2
not needed, because something else already means the same thing or already does the same job.
多餘的
核心畫面
One way to picture it: something is there, but the work it would do is already being done. A second key to the same lock, a sentence that repeats what the sentence before it said — nothing is wrong with the thing itself, there is simply no gap left for it to fill.
東西還在，但它要做的事已經有別的東西做完了。同一把鎖你手上有兩把一模一樣的鑰匙，第二把並沒有壞，只是沒有它出場的位置…更多收起
東西還在，但它要做的事已經有別的東西做完了。同一把鎖你手上有兩把一模一樣的鑰匙，第二把並沒有壞，只是沒有它出場的位置；或者一句話重複了上一句已經講過的意思，那句話本身通順，只是不再帶來新東西。重點不是「不好」，而是「多出來、沒有空缺留給它」——這個字幾乎不評價品質，它評價的是「還需不需要」。From the word’s history
From Latin *redundare* 'to overflow', built from *unda* 'wave' — the picture of water rising past the edge of a container. What overflows is not bad water; it is simply more than the vessel has room for.
來自拉丁文 redundare「滿溢、漫出來」，字根 unda 就是「波浪、水」。原始畫面是水裝到超過容器邊緣、往外漫出去。漫出來的水並不是髒水，只是容器已經裝不下、用不到了——這正好解釋現代的用法：redundant 說的不是東西壞掉，而是超出了實際需要的量。
Online Etymology Dictionary / Oxford English Dictionary (redundant < Latin redundare 'to overflow', from re- + unda 'wave')
Two branches
被裁員（英式）
從「多出來的東西」延伸到「多出來的職位」：核心畫面沒變，只是漫出容器的變成了人的工作。
laid off from a job · adjective · B2
no longer having a job, because the company you worked for does not need that job done any more, or cannot pay for it. Used mainly in British English, usually as 'be made redundant'.
被裁員的
原始詞典資料5 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
redundantadj/ɹɪˈdʌn.dənt/
- 1
Superfluous; exceeding what is necessary, no longer needed.
- It is allowed, that Senates and great Councils are often troubled with redundant, ebullient, and other peccant Humours, with many Diſeaſes of the Head and more of the Heart; […]
- In the living state, the body is observed to receive aliment; to assimilate a part; to evacuate what is redundant or useless; […]
- 2
communicationsjournalismliteratureRepetitive or needlessly wordy.
- 3
Dismissed from employment because no longer needed.
- Joyce Barnaby: You don't kill someone because they made you redundant. DCI Tom Barnaby: Not in the town, dear, but this is the country. And, in the country, anything goes.
- Four employees were made redundant.
- 4
Duplicating or able to duplicate the function of another component of a system, providing backup in the event the other component fails.
- The two lines are mainly used for redundant and therefore fault-tolerant message transmission, but they can also transmit different messages.
- 5
computingengineeringmathematicsContaining duplicate pathways to send a message.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。