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A proton is a tiny piece of matter in the centre of an atom, the part called the nucleus. It carries a plus electrical charge. The number of protons is what makes one element different from another: hydrogen has one, carbon has six, gold has seventy-nine. Electrons (minus charge) move around the nucleus; neutrons (no charge) sit in the nucleus with the protons — though the simplest hydrogen atom has no neutron at all. You cannot see a proton. The word belongs to science class and careful talk about atoms, not to daily chat.
質子
組成Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πρῶτον (prôton), neuter of πρῶτος (prôtos, first). The New Zealand–British scientist Ernest Rutherford coined the physics word in 1920, on the pattern of electron (1891), and also to honour the English chemist William Prout. Analyzable as proto- (first) + -on (the ending used for tiny particles).
原始詞典資料3 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
protonnoun/ˈpɹəʊ.tɒn/
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natural-sciencesphysical-sciencesphysicsA positively charged subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and determining the atomic number of an element, composed of two up quarks and a down quark.
- The dance of the electrons about the prota, each electron and each proton consisting of a series of waves occupying the whole of the limited universe and obeying the laws of nature as they pass, is known to all.
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natural-sciencesphysical-sciencesphysicsA positively charged subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and determining the atomic number of an element, composed of two up quarks and a down quark.
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obsoleteanatomymedicinesciencesSynonym of primordium.
- It is a well authenticated fact that, in the case of section of a peripheral nerve, the nuclei of the sheath of Schwann pass to the centre of the lumen and form the protoplasmic prota of the segments of the new nerve[…]. From studies of the development of the olfactory organs in reptiles, as reported briefly in earlier numbers of this Journal, the writer has been abundantly convinced of the truth of Beard’s statement that the olfactory prota arise from the skin[…].
- This paper constituted the proton (the primordium, or ‘Anlage,’ if you prefer) of my own subsequent contributions, and likewise, so far as I knew at the time, of the simplified nomenclature in America.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。