- 1截頭、截頂（修樹，讓側枝長密）
To pollard a tree is to cut off its top — and often the big upper branches — so a thick head of new shoots grows out lower down. Town trees, willows, and old street trees are often treated this way, so they stay a useful size and do not smash windows or wires. The tree you get after years of this is also called a pollard: a short trunk with a dense fist of branches at the cut. The word is built from an old poll, 'head,' plus -ard, the same kind of ending as in drunkard and coward; the picture is a tree given a cut 'head.' Farmers used related talk for animals whose horns were taken off at the head — headed, not — and that 'cut head' idea moved onto trees. It is a gardener's and town-worker's word. Though actually, it is not the same as coppicing (cutting a tree right down so shoots come from the stump), and it is not chopping the tree down for good.
組成Middle English poll, 'head,' + -ard (a person or thing marked by something, often unkindly — same ending as in drunkard and coward). As a verb, the 'cut head' picture comes through cattle talk: pollarded meant headed, not horned.
原始詞典資料11 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
Pollardname/ˈpɒl.əd/
- 1
A surname transferred from the nickname.
- 2
A town in Escambia County, Alabama, United States.
- 3
A minor city in Clay County, Arkansas, United States.
- 4
An unincorporated community in Victoria Township, Rice County, Kansas, United States.
pollardnoun/ˈpɒl.əd/
- 1
A pruned tree; the wood of such trees.
- The enclosure was indeed little beyond that of a good-sized paddock – its boundaries were visible on every side – but swelling uplands, covered with massy foliage sloped down to its wild irregular turf soil – soil poor for pasturage, but pleasant to the eye; with dell and dingle, bosks of fantastic pollards – dotted oaks of vast growth – here and there a weird hollow thorn-tree – patches of fern and gorse.
- Only a little pollard hedge kept us from their blood-shot eyes.
- 2
A buck deer that has shed its antlers.
- 3
A hornless variety of domestic animal, such as cattle or goats.
- 4
obsoleterareA European chub (Squalius cephalus, syn. Leuciscus cephalus), a kind of fish.
- 5
A fine grade of bran including some flour. The fine cell layer between bran layers and endosperm, used for animal feed.
- 6
historicalhobbieslifestylenumismaticsA 13th-century European coin minted as a debased counterfeit of the sterling silver penny of Edward I of England, at first legally accepted as a halfpenny and then outlawed.
pollardverb/ˈpɒl.əd/
- 1
agriculturebusinesshorticultureTo prune a tree heavily, cutting branches back to the trunk, so that it produces dense new growth.
- I didn't know one could pollard elms. I thought one only pollarded willows.
- As well as coppicing, other trees were pollarded, or lopped about 6 ft up the trunk so that the resulting growth was beyond the reach of grazing animals. Pollarding lengthens the life of trees, and the frequently made estimate '1,000 years old' could well be true of some sturdy old trunks.
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。