- 1
To perturb someone is to make them worried or about something that has happened, or that may happen. The feeling is not always huge panic; it is more that their calm has been knocked. The verb is rather formal. A parent might say the news perturbed her; a teenager would more often say it freaked me out, it worried me, or it threw me. People also stretch the word in science and maths: to perturb a system is to give it a small push that knocks it off its usual path, as when a planet’s orbit is slightly changed. In that use nobody needs to feel ; the system is just disturbed. The everyday human sense and the science sense share the same picture: something that was steady is stirred.
使不安；擾亂。科學上（軌道、系統被稍微推離原狀）常說「擾動／攝動」，跟心情無關。
組成From Late Middle English perturben, from Old French perturber and Latin perturbāre / perturbō: per- (an intensifying prefix, “thoroughly”) + turbō (to agitate, disturb), from turba (disorder, turmoil). So, to stir something up thoroughly.
同家族的字
- perturbedthe usual adjective: feeling unsettled, or (in science) knocked off the usual path
- perturbationthe noun: the worry, or the small scientific push
- disturbshares Latin turbāre, “to stir up”; the common everyday cousin
- turbulentsame turba family: stirred-up, not calm
原始詞典資料6 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
perturbverb/pəˈtɜːb/
- 1
To cause (something) to be physically disordered or disturbed; to cause confusion.
- Mary therefore the more knaue art thou I ſay / That perturbeſt the worde of god I ſay […]
- The Nobles ſtandyng by hearyng him thus ſpeake were greatly agreeued with him, notyng in him arrogancy and wilfulneſſe, in perturbyng and refuſyng ſuch an honeſt order of agreement: […]
- 2
To disturb (someone, their mind, etc.) mentally; to bother, trouble, upset.
- […] I have often found / The truth thereof, in my private paſſions: / For I doe never feele my ſelfe perturb'd / VVith any generall vvords 'gainſt my profeſſion, / They doe avvake, and ſtirre me: […]
- He remembered how, […] his childish imagination was perturbed at a phenomenon, for which he could not account.
- 3
astronomynatural-sciencesOf a celestial body: to modify the motion or orbit of (another celestial body) by exerting a gravitational force; hence (physics), to slightly modify (the motion of an object).
- 4
mathematicssciencesTo slightly modify (a set of equations or their solutions), producing deviations from a simple, easily solvable problem, in order to find an approximate solution to a problem that is more difficult to solve or otherwise unsolvable.
- 5
sciencesTo influence (a process or system) so that it deviates from its normal state.
- 6
To bother, to disturb, to trouble.
- Thy ghoſt O father ſweete, thy greuous ghoſt, / Perturbing in my dremes hath me compeld to ſee this coaſt.
- This growth original of virgin soil, / By fascination felt in opposites, / Pleases and shocks, entices and perturbs.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。