1. 1不得已地、必然地(古舊書面語,現代多說 necessarily/不得不)

    Perforce means 'because there is no other choice'. It is an adverb, and a very old-fashioned, literary one — it sits in the sentence where 'necessarily' or 'of necessity' would sit, and marks that what follows was forced by circumstances, not chosen: 'The meeting was perforce a short one.' 'He must perforce agree.' You will meet it in nineteenth-century novels, in Shakespeare, in legal or academic writing where a writer wants an old formal flavour, and occasionally in a modern essay by someone showing off a little. Nobody speaks this word in ordinary life in Taiwan or anywhere else; if you used it in a conversation people would hear it as a joke or as very . It is worth knowing so you can read it, and it is worth not using so you do not sound strange. Modern equivalents: 'inevitably', 'necessarily', 'we had no choice but to…'. Notice that it often comes between the subject and the verb, or right after 'must' — a position that itself feels old.

組成Comes into Middle English as 'par force', taken from Anglo-Norman and Old French par force — 'by force'. Over time the French 'par' was reshaped into the more familiar Latin-looking 'per', and the two words fused into one.

同家族的字

  • forcethe same Old French force sitting inside the second half of the word
  • enforceen- + force — to make something happen by force
  • forcefulsame force

原始詞典資料3 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,摘錄並精簡格式,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

perforceadv/pəˈfɔːs/

  • 1

    By constraint of circumstances; of necessity; as a matter of course.

    • Mr. Wickham's happiness and her own were perforce delayed a little longer, and Mr. Collins's proposal accepted with as good a grace as she could..
    • "Keep fast thy hold, for by such stairs as these," The Master said, panting as one fatigued, "Must we perforce depart from so much evil."
  • 2

    archaicBy force.

    • If ſhe denie, Lord Hastings goe with him, And from her iealous Armes pluck him perforce.
    • For you, most wicked sir, whom to call brother Would even infect my mouth, I do forgive Thy rankest fault; all of them; and require My dukedom of thee, which, perforce, I know Thou must restore.

perforceverb/pəˈfɔːs/

  • 1

    obsoleteTo force; to compel.

摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary,已精簡格式;依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用,改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。