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A pathogen is something that gets into the body and makes you ill: a virus, a bacterium, a fungus, a parasite. It is not the illness itself — flu is the disease; the influenza virus is the pathogen.
A pathogenPathogen(病原體) is something that gets into the body and makes you ill指的是進入身體、讓你生病的東西: a virus病毒, a bacterium細菌, a fungus真菌, a parasite寄生蟲 It is not the illness itself它不是疾病本身 — flu is the disease流感(flu)是疾病; the influenza virus is the pathogen流感病毒才是病原體
Doctors and biology teachers use the word; ordinary talk usually just says , virus, or bacteria.
Doctors and biology teachers醫生和生物老師 use the word會用這個詞; ordinary talk日常說法 usually just says germ, virus, or bacteria通常就直接說germ(細菌/病菌)、virus或bacteria
The pieces already tell you the job: patho- (disease, suffering) + -gen (something that produces), so “disease-maker.” Though actually, not every is a pathogen in a given moment — some live on us until conditions change — but in English, pathogen is the one that causes disease.
The pieces這個字的組成 already tell you the job已經告訴你它的意思了: patho- (disease, suffering)patho-(疾病、痛苦) + -gen (something that produces)加上-gen(產生某物的東西), so "disease-maker."所以就是「致病的東西」。 Though actually不過其實, not every germ不是每個病菌 is a pathogen in a given moment在每個當下都算是病原體 — some live on us harmlessly有些平常無害地存在我們身上 until conditions change直到條件改變 — but in learner English但對學習者來說, pathogen is the one that causes diseasepathogen指的就是會致病的那種
組成patho- (“disease, suffering”) + -gen (“that which produces”). The -gen piece goes back, through Greek génos (“birth, kind”), to an old root meaning lineage / coming into being.
同家族的字
- pathologyshares patho-, from Greek for suffering or disease
- pathogenicthe adjective: able to cause disease
原始詞典資料1 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
pathogennoun/ˈpæθəd͡ʒn̩/
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immunologymedicinepathologyAn agent that can cause disease, especially an infectious microorganism, such as a bacterium, virus, protozoon or fungus.
- In his first book since the 2008 essay collection Natural Acts: A Sidelong View of Science and Nature, David Quammen looks at the natural world from yet another angle: the search for the next human pandemic, what epidemiologists call “the next big one.” His quest leads him around the world to study a variety of suspect zoonoses—animal-hosted pathogens that infect humans.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。