Pathology is, first, the study of disease: what causes an illness and what that illness does to the body. That is a branch of medicine, with its own doctors (pathologists) and its own reports.

Pathology病理學 is, first首先指的是, the study of disease研究疾病本身：what causes an illness是什麼造成一種病 and what that illness does to the body以及那個病對身體做了什麼。That這 is a branch of medicine是醫學的一個分支，with its own doctors有自己的醫生 (pathologists病理科醫生) and its own reports也有自己的報告。

There is a second, slightly different use that sounds the same: doctors also say 'the pathology' to mean the disease process itself — the damage, the pattern, what the illness is doing in this organ. 'The pathology of the liver' is not a university course; it is what they found in the liver.

There is a second, slightly different use還有第二個稍微不同的用法 that sounds the same聽起來一樣：doctors醫生 also say “the pathology”也會說「病理」 to mean意思是 the disease process itself這個病本身的過程——the damage造成的損傷、the pattern它的模式、what the illness is doing in this organ這個病正在這個器官裡做什麼。'The pathology of the liver'「肝臟的病理」 is not a university course不是一門大學的課程；it is what they found in the liver而是他們在肝臟裡發現的東西。

People then stretch the word in essays and newspapers: 'the pathology of the system' meaning something sick or twisted in the way a group works. That last use is looser and more dramatic; it is not the hospital meaning.

People人們 then stretch the word接著把這個字延伸使用 in essays and newspapers在文章和報紙裡：'the pathology of the system'「這個系統的病理」 meaning something sick or twisted in the way a group works意思是一個團體運作方式裡有什麼病態或扭曲的地方。That last use最後這個用法 is looser and more dramatic比較鬆散、比較誇張；it is not the hospital meaning不是醫院裡的那個意思。

None of this is the same as pathos, which is a feeling of pity, not a medical field.

None of this以上這些 is the same as都跟 pathos不一樣，which is a feeling of pity那是一種憐憫的感覺，not a medical field不是一個醫學領域。