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Paternalism is when people in charge treat others the way a father might treat small children: they protect, they provide, they decide “what is good for you” — and they do not leave you free to choose, or to carry the responsibility. Governments, bosses, schools, and colonial powers have all been accused of it. In modern English the word is usually a criticism: the care may be real, but the respect is missing. It is paternal () + - (a system or habit of doing things). Though actually, people who practise it often believe they are being kind. The argument is not “Do they care?” but “Is kindness without freedom still respect?” It is about power dressed as care, not about being a warm father at home.
家長式作風、家長主義
組成paternal (“fatherly, of a father”) + -ism (a system or practice).
同家族的字
- paternalpaternalism is paternal + -ism
- paternalisticthe adjective for the same idea
- paternitysame Latin stem paternus / pater, “father”
原始詞典資料2 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
paternalismnoun/pəˈtɜːnəlɪzəm/
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The treatment of people in a fatherly manner, especially by caring for them and sometimes being stern with them.
- Libertarian paternalism is the view that, because the way options are presented to citizens affects what they choose, society should present options in a way that “nudges” our intuitive selves to make choices that are more consistent with what our more deliberative selves would have chosen if they were in control.
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The guiding of people in a manner that limits their autonomy in the name of their own well-being.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。