Overcompensation is the name of the act: trying to correct a weakness or a mistake by doing too much of the opposite thing. If overcompensate is what you do, overcompensation is what you call that habit or that result. A little making-up can be wise; overcompensation is when the cure is bigger than the problem — extra studying that becomes panic, extra kindness that becomes spoiling, extra toughness that becomes unkind. Same slightly formal feel as the verb. You will hear it in news and in talk about feelings and behaviour. Though actually, Chinese often uses the same words for the verb and the noun; English keeps them apart.

過度補償（名詞；指這樣做的行為或結果）