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To ostracize someone is to shut them out of a group on purpose. The group will not accept them as a member: they stop talking to that person, stop inviting them, and make it clear they do not belong. It is the verb that pairs with ostracism. You can ostracize a , a neighbour, or a public figure. It is a strong, rather formal word — newspapers and essays like it; in the playground people more often say “nobody will play with him” or “they froze her out.” Though actually, it does not have to be official or legal. There is no court. The group itself does the refusing. British spelling sometimes uses ostracise with an s; both -ize and -ise are used.
排擠、孤立（某人）
組成From Ancient Greek ostrakízō, “to banish from a city by ostracism,” from óstrakon (a clay pot or a broken piece of one — voters wrote names on those shards) plus a verb-forming ending. The English word is cognate with French ostraciser.
同家族的字
- ostracismthe noun: the shutting-out itself
原始詞典資料2 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
ostracizeverb/ˈɒstɹəsaɪz/
- 1
historicalTo ban a person from a city for five or ten years through the procedure of ostracism.
- Republics have been accused of being ungrateful. Aristides was ostracised for being called the Just, and Themistocles banished, after saving his country from desolation.
- [T]he person who was ostracised was obliged to leave Athens within ten days after the sentence, and unless a vote of the people recalled him before the expiration of that time, to stay in exile for ten years.
- 2
To exclude a person from a community or from society by not communicating with them or by refusing to acknowledge their presence; to refuse to associate with or talk to; to shun.
- You then moſt Noble Equivocations and Alluſions, whom Rhetorick would Oſtraciſe, ſeek Revenge for your Baniſhment; [...]
- The inflexible advocate[s] of the people's rights, were either expelled the Senate Chamber, ostracised, or immolated on the reeking altars of patriotism, by the encrimsoned sword of slaughtering persecution.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。