- 1排擠、孤立。歷史課裡的古雅典制度叫陶片放逐。
Ostracism is what happens when a group shuts someone out. They do not have to shout or hit. They simply refuse to treat that person as one of them: no invitations, no talk, no place at the table. A class, a workplace, or a village can all do this. The feeling is “you do not belong here any more.” Though actually, the word has a sharper, older life too. In ancient Athens, citizens could vote to send a man away from the city for ten years. They scratched his name on bits of broken pot, and if enough votes came in, he had to leave. That official banishment is the first meaning; the looser everyday meaning — cold-shouldering someone — grew from it. History teachers still use the old sense; most other people mean the social one. It is a rather formal noun. In ordinary talk, people more often say they were shut out or left out; ostracism turns up in news, essays, and serious conversation.
組成A learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ostrakismós, “banishment by voting with pot shards”: ostrakízō (“ostracize”) + -ismós (“-ism”), from óstrakon (a clay pot, or a broken piece of one).
同家族的字
- ostracizethe verb: to shut someone out of a group
原始詞典資料3 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
ostracismnoun/ˈɒstɹəsɪz(ə)m/
- 1
historicalIn ancient Athens (and some other cities), the temporary banishment by popular vote of a citizen considered dangerous to the state.
- For this manner of banishment for a time, called ostracismos, was no punishment for any fault committed, but a mitigation and taking away of the envy of the people, which delighted to pluck down their stomacks that too much seemed to exceed in greatness: […]
- Take the ſweete herbe called pleaſant content; with that make a perfume about your bed chamber and where you dyne: the ſavour of this is as ſure a repulſe to exile melancholie, as the oſtracisme was to the noble of Athens.
- 2
Banishment by some general consent.
- If I have deserved the land should spue me out, I will feed my selfe with the idle and windy conceite of an Ostracisme, and my unregarded poore selfe shall be all the richesse and commpany I crave to transport and if a Princes word […]
- 3
Temporary exclusion from a community or society.
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。