To misconstrue something is to take someone’s words or actions the wrong way — to give them a meaning the person did not mean. You did not fail to hear them; you heard them, then built the wrong picture. It is a fairly formal verb: you will see it in writing, in arguments, and when someone is defending themselves (“Please do not misconstrue what I said”). Friends in daily talk more often say you misunderstood me. You can misconstrue a silence or a smile, not only a sentence. Though actually, people sometimes reach for it when they feel accused: the word lets them say the other person twisted the meaning, not just missed it. That extra hint of “you bent my words” is why it sounds sharper than misunderstand.

曲解；誤會（某人的意思）（書面、辯解時常用；口語多說 misunderstand）