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A libertarian is someone who believes people should be left very free to live, speak, work, and keep what they earn, with as little government control as possible. In the United States this is the usual meaning, and you will hear it in : a libertarian often wants low taxes, few rules for business, and also few rules about private life.
A libertarian自由意志主義者 is someone指的是一個人 who believes people should be left very free相信人應該被留給很大的自由 to live, speak, work, and keep what they earn去生活、發言、工作,並保有自己賺的錢,with as little government control as possible政府的管控要越少越好。In the United States在美國 this is the usual meaning這是最常見的意思,and you will hear it in politics你會在政治話題中聽到:a libertarian常指一個 often wants low taxes希望低稅率、few rules for business對企業少一點法規、and also few rules about private life對私人生活也少一點規範的人。
Used as a describing word, it names that kind of idea: libertarian views.
Used as a describing word當作形容詞用時,it names that kind of idea它就是在指那種想法:libertarian views自由意志主義式的觀點。
Though actually the word has older and other lives, and tidy news English hides them. When it first showed up in English in 1789, it was about free will — the feeling that you choose what you do — set against people who said everything is already fixed. In parts of Europe, a close French word has meant a person on the far left who wants almost no state at all, closer to “no government” than to American talk about free markets. So if you only learn the US news meaning, older books and some European writers will puzzle you.
Though actually不過事實上 the word has older and other lives這個字還有更早、更多的用法,and tidy news English hides them而簡化過的新聞英文把這些用法都藏起來了。When it first showed up in English in 1789當它1789年最早出現在英文裡時,it was about free will講的是自由意志——the feeling that you choose what you do你覺得自己選擇了自己的行為——set against people who said everything is already fixed跟那些認為一切早已註定的人相對。In parts of Europe在歐洲部分地區,a close French word一個相近的法文字 has meant過去指的是 a person on the far left一個極左派的人 who wants almost no state at all他幾乎不要任何國家機器,closer to “no government”這比較接近「無政府」than to American talk about free markets而不是美式那種談自由市場的意思。So if you only learn the US news meaning所以如果你只學了美國新聞裡的意思,older books and some European writers older 的書和某些歐洲作家 will puzzle you會讓你看不懂。
The word is built from liberty, “freedom,” plus -arian, “a person who believes in that thing.” It is a serious politics-and-ideas word; friends do not often use it unless they are arguing about government.
The word is built from liberty這個字是由 liberty「自由」,plus -arian加上 -arian「相信那件事的人」組成的。It它 is a serious politics-and-ideas word是個嚴肅的政治思想用詞;friends do not often use it朋友之間不太會用它 unless they are arguing about government除非他們在爭論政府的事。
It is not the same as liberal: many liberals want the state to help with schools, hospitals, and the poor. And it is not the same as , which is about pleasure and sex.
It它 is not the same as liberal跟 liberal「自由派」不一樣:many liberals很多自由派人士 want the state to help with schools, hospitals, and the poor希望國家幫忙辦學校、醫院,照顧窮人。And it它 is not the same as libertine也跟 libertine 不一樣,which is about pleasure and sex那個字講的是享樂和性。
組成From liberty + -arian (a person who believes in or fights for something). The describing word comes from the person word.
同家族的字
- libertythe word it is built from
- humanitariansame -arian, “a person who believes in something”
原始詞典資料11 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
Libertariannoun/ˌlɪb.əˈtɛə.ɹɪ.ən/
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governmentpoliticsA member of a political party or movement that uses the term "Libertarian" in its name (e.g., the Libertarian Party of the United States); one who is likely to support policies that are libertarian.
- Rather than immediately enter the convention – held in the back room of the restaurant – McAfee posted up outside, having his photograph taken with Libertarians and passersby, smoking cigarettes and acting up for the four-person film crew he had arrived with.
- To many, it seemed that the Libertarians were a genuinely relevant third party in US politics, which is overwhelmingly dominated by Republicans and Democrats.
Libertarianadj/ˌlɪb.əˈtɛə.ɹɪ.ən/
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governmentpoliticsOf, or pertaining to, a Libertarian Party.
- The Libertarian vice-presidential candidate this November is an internet talkshow host who ran for office alongside a man wearing a boot on his head, and who has promised the electorate free ponies, “zombie power” and the killing of baby Hitler.
- The results also revealed a striking data point: Libertarian candidate Jo Jorgensen’s share of the vote in some of these states was higher than margins between Joe Biden and Donald Trump.
libertariannoun/ˌlɪbəˈtɛə̯ɹi.ən/
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One who advocates liberty, either generally or in relation to a specific issue.
- civil libertarian
- cultural libertarian
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human-sciencesphilosophysciencesA believer in the freedom of thinking beings to choose their own destiny (the doctrine of free will) as opposed to those who believe the future is predetermined (the doctrine of necessity).
- [W]here is the difference betvveen the Libertarian, vvho ſays that the mind chuſes the motive; and the Neceſſarian, vvho aſſerts that the motive determines the mind; if the volition be the neceſſary reſult of all the previous circumſtances?
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governmentpoliticsOne who advocates libertarianism (“a political philosophy maintaining that all persons are the absolute owners of their own lives, and should be free to do whatever they wish with their persons or property, provided they allow others that same liberty”); also, a member of a political party supporting libertarianism.
- [Gustav] Landauer's reorientation of anarchist theory and practice in the direction of idealist and völkisch thought was often incomprehensible to the more traditional libertarians, and in the period of the second Sozialist Landauer no longer felt entirely comfortable with the simple "anarchist" label. For Landauer anarchism and socialism had always been different expressions of the same view; now he regarded anarchism as "merely the negative side of what is positively called socialism."
- While anarchism and socialist libertarians have a rich history of revolutionary thinkers ranging from Emma Goldman to George Orwell, the best-known socialist libertarian thinker of today is probably Noam Chomsky.
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governmentpoliticsOne who advocates libertarianism (“a political philosophy maintaining that all persons are the absolute owners of their own lives, and should be free to do whatever they wish with their persons or property, provided they allow others that same liberty”); also, a member of a political party supporting libertarianism.
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An Araucarian.
libertarianadj/ˌlɪbəˈtɛə̯ɹi.ən/
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Advocating liberty; also, having a relative tendency towards liberty.
- He has libertarian views.
- Libertarian paternalism is the view that, because the way options are presented to citizens affects what they choose, society should present options in a way that "nudges" our intuitive selves to make choices that are more consistent with what our more deliberative selves would have chosen if they were in control.
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human-sciencesphilosophysciencesRelating to the doctrine of free will as opposed to the doctrine of necessity.
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governmentpoliticsRelating to, or advocating, libertarianism; also, relating to a political party supporting libertarianism.
- a libertarian capitalist
- For a long time, libertarian was interchangeable in France with anarchist but in recent years, its meaning has become more ambivalent. Some anarchists like David Guérin will call themselves ‘libertarian socialists’, partly to avoid the negative overtones still associated with anarchism, and partly to stress the place of anarchism with the socialist tradition. Even Marxists of the New Left like E[dward] P[almer] Thompson call themselves ‘libertarian’ to distinguish themselves from those authoritarian socialists and communists who believe in revolutionary dictatorship and vanguard parties.
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Araucarian.
資料來源:英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary(CC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。