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Hardness is how hard something is — how much it resists being pressed, scratched, bent, or broken. Scientists use hardness to compare materials, like saying a diamond has very high hardness because almost nothing can scratch it. It can also describe a person's manner, meaning how tough, strict, or it seems, though this use is less common.
硬度；（性格）強硬、冷酷
組成hard + ness (a suffix that turns a quality into a noun) — the degree of being hard.
同家族的字
- hardshares the root "hard"
原始詞典資料7 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
hardnessnoun/ˈhɑɹdnəs/
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The quality of being hard.
- Who can number the cloudes in wiſedom? or who can ſtay the bottles of heauen, / When the duſt groweeh^([sic – meaning groweth]) into hardneſſe and the clods cleaue faſt together?
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An instance of this quality; hardship.
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chemistryinorganic-chemistrynatural-sciencesThe quantity of calcium carbonate dissolved in water, usually expressed in parts per million (ppm).
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The resistance to scratching, cutting, indentation or abrasion of a metal or other solid material.
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natural-sciencesphysical-sciencesphysicsThe penetrating ability of electromagnetic radiation, such as x-rays; generally, the shorter the wavelength, the harder and more penetrating the radiation.
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The measure of resistance to damage of a facility, equipment, installation, or telecommunications infrastructure when subjected to attack.
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engineeringnatural-sciencesphysical-sciencesA measure of how hard a material is.
- The hardness of the material was high.
- “This material has a specific hardness and is chemically very stable. It forms naturally from calcium alone, but bacteria accelerate the transformation into calcium carbonate,” explains Alejandro Montesinos, head of the Decarbonization, Climate Change, and Circular Economy Research Group at Tec de Monterrey and a member of the Institute of Advanced Materials and Sustainable Manufacturing.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。