Think of a small family of elements that cannot leave anything alone. Put one of them next to a metal and it grabs on, and what you get is a salt — the salt on your table is exactly that. Everything the word does starts from that eager, grabbing gas. Seal a little of it inside a glass bulb with a hot wire, and the same gas keeps the wire burning white and bright, which is why a lamp ends up wearing the name of a chemical.
From the word’s history
Coined in 1842 from Ancient Greek hals, salt, plus the ending -gen, producing: literally the salt-makers. The name records the behaviour, not the substance, which is why the group is defined by how eagerly it combines.
1842 年造的字：前半是希臘文的「鹽」，後半是「產生」，字面上就是「造鹽的那些」。這個名字記的是行為，不是外表。所以這一族真正的共同點不是長得像，而是「很容易結合」這件事。
Wiktionary, "halogen"
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