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A graft, in gardening or medicine, is a piece of living tissue (like skin, or a plant stem) that's attached to a different body or plant so it grows there — a skin graft after a burn, or a graft on a fruit tree so it grows a different kind of fruit. Separately, in British English, 'graft' (or 'hard graft') just means hard work; and in American English, 'graft' can mean using your position, especially in , to get money .
(醫學/園藝)移植；(英式俚語)苦幹的工作；(美式)政治貪污
組成The gardening/medical sense probably comes from an old Greek word for a small writing tool, because an early plant graft looked like a little stick pushed into the plant — the same root that gives us words about writing.
同家族的字
- graphicthe medical/gardening sense of 'graft' may share a distant Greek root with words about writing and drawing
原始詞典資料23 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
Graftname
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A surname.
graftnoun詞源 1/ɡɹɑːft/
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agriculturebusinesshorticultureA small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree, the stock of which is to support and nourish it. The two unite and become one tree, but the graft determines the kind of fruit.
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agriculturebusinesshorticultureA branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot.
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medicinesciencessurgeryA portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty.
graftverb詞源 1/ɡɹɑːft/
- 1
To insert (a graft) in a branch or stem of another tree; to propagate by insertion in another stock; also, to insert a graft upon.
- 2
To insert scions (grafts) from one tree, or kind of tree, etc., into another; to practice grafting.
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medicinesciencessurgeryTo implant a portion of (living flesh or akin) in a lesion so as to form an organic union.
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To join (one thing) to another as if by grafting, so as to bring about a close union.
- And graft my love immortal on thy fame!
- Of course, this was a music cruise, a floating rock festival grafted onto a passenger ship, and a quietly thriving corner of the music and cruise industries.
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nauticaltransportTo cover, as a ring bolt, block strap, splicing, etc., with a weaving of small cord or rope yarns.
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chemistrynatural-sciencesphysical-sciencesTo form a graft polymer
graftnoun詞源 2/ɡɹɑːft/
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obsoleteA ditch, a canal.
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The depth of the blade of a digging tool such as a spade or shovel.
- […] in the first operation, we dug through the peat, the hard sand, and gravel, and one spade's graft (about nine inches deep, and seven inches wide) into the quick sand, the whole length of this drain,[…]
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A narrow spade used in digging drainage trenches.
graftnoun詞源 3/ɡɹɑːft/
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Corruption in official life.
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Illicit profit by corrupt means, especially in public life.
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slangA criminal’s special branch of practice.
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A con job.
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slangA cut of the take (money).
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governmentpoliticsA bribe, especially on an ongoing basis.
- If policemen take graft now from the liquor dealers for the privilege of keeping open on Sunday, what is to prevent them, if this bill is passed, from taking graft from the liquor men for the privilege of selling liquor before 1 p.m. on Sunday[…]?
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Work; labor requiring effort.
- We had to put in a lot of hard graft to get the job done.
- Liz Truss, now the Tory leadership frontrunner, launched an astonishing broadside against British workers, saying they needed “more graft” and suggesting they lacked the “skill and application” of foreign rivals, the Guardian can reveal.
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A job or trade.
graftverb詞源 3/ɡɹɑːft/
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To work hard.
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To obtain illegal gain from bribery or similar corrupt practices.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。