Geology is the science that studies the rocks, the soil, and the other materials that make up the Earth, and how they have changed since the Earth was formed. It asks: what is under our feet, how old is it, how did mountains rise, why do volcanoes sit in a line, where did this fossil live?

Geology地質學 is the science that studies是研究 the rocks, the soil, and the other materials that make up the Earth岩石、土壤，還有組成地球的其他物質的科學, and how they have changed since the Earth was formed也研究這些東西從地球形成以來是怎麼變化的。It它 asks問的是: what is under our feet我們腳下是什麼, how old is it它有多老, how did mountains rise山是怎麼升起來的, why do volcanoes sit in a line火山為什麼會排成一列, where did this fossil live這個化石以前生活在哪裡

Time in geology is huge. A “short” time may be a million years.

Time in geology在地質學裡的時間 is huge是很龐大的。A "short" time所謂「短」的時間 may be a million years可能是一百萬年

It sits next to geography but is not the same subject. Geography looks at places, people, climate, and how we live on the land. Geology looks down and back — into the ground and into deep time.

It它 sits next to geography跟地理學很相近, but但 is not the same subject但不是同一個科目。Geography地理學 looks at places, people, climate, and how we live on the land看的是地方、人、氣候，還有我們怎麼在土地上生活。Geology地質學 looks down and back看的是往下、往過去 — into the ground and into deep time深入地底和深遠的時間

You can also use it for the rock-story of a place (“the geology of this island is young”), not only for the school subject.

You你 can also use it也可以用這個字來說 for the rock-story of a place一個地方的岩石身世 ("the geology of this island is young"（像「這座島的地質很年輕」）, not only for the school subject不是只能指學校裡的科目