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To excommunicate someone is to punish them by putting them officially outside a church. After that they are no longer a full member, and they may not share the church’s holy rites. In the Roman Catholic church, that often means they cannot receive Communion. It is church law, not police law, and the tone is heavy and old. You will meet it in history (popes against kings), in Vatican news, and in novels about faith. Other churches have ways of putting people out, but this English word is most tightly tied to Catholic practice. People also stretch it as a joke — “spoil the ending and we will excommunicate you from the film club” — though actually that is play, not real church law. There is an older adjective use, an excommunicate person, meaning someone already thrown out; today we nearly always say excommunicated. It is not “the church stopped talking to you” in the everyday sense of communicate, even though the Latin pieces do mean “put out of the community.”
開除教籍。天主教稱「絕罰」。
組成From Ecclesiastical Latin excommunicātus, from excommunicō. By the look of the English: ex- (“out of”) + communicate, with -ate making the verb (and, older, the adjective). The church sense is “put out of the community”.
同家族的字
- communicatethe piece still inside the word: to share, to be in community with
- communitythe group you are put out of
- communionsame commun- root: the sharing of the rite a person may lose
- excommunicationthe noun: the act, or the state of already being out
原始詞典資料4 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
excommunicateverb詞源 1/ˌɛkskəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/
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To officially exclude someone from membership of a church or religious community.
- “Perhaps it is because I have been excommunicated. It’s absurd, but I feel like the Jackdaw of Rheims.” ¶ She winced and bowed her head. Each time that he spoke flippantly of the Church he caused her pain.
- The Vatican has excommunicated a rebel group of ultra-conservative Catholics who defied Pope Leo by ordaining bishops without his consent, creating a schism in the Roman Catholic church. […] “The Vatican hopes that by being harsh on the bishops, the priests and faithful, maybe some of them will repent and turn back to mother church. Because it’s not nice to be excommunicated.”
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historicalTo exclude from any other group; to banish.
- Samois includes celebate ^([sic]), heterosexual and bisexual women as well as lesbians, and I feel very strongly that this is the wisest choice. Our community is so fragile that we can't afford to fragment it by excommunicating non-lesbian women.
- Although our Macs served us well, in those early, dark years Macintosh users were effectively excommunicated by the computer establishment.
excommunicateadj詞源 2/ˌɛkskəˈmjuːnɪkət/
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archaicExcommunicated.
- […]the iewes had conſpyred allredy that yff eny man did confeſſe that he was Chriſt / he ſhulde be excommunicat out of the Sinagoge.
- Thou ſhalt ſtand curſt, and excommunicate[…]
excommunicatenoun詞源 3/ˌɛkskəˈmjuːnɪkət/
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An excommunicated person.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。