- 1經驗主義（哲學用語；勿與「實證主義」positivisim 混淆）
Empiricism is a belief about how we know things: you trust what you have seen, tried, or measured more than what you only out in your head. In philosophy this is an old, famous fight. One side said knowledge comes in through the senses; the other side said the mind already has ideas. Britain is especially known for this school. In looser English, calling someone’s style empiricism can just mean “they will not believe it until it works in real life” — a teacher who changes the lesson only after watching the class, for example. Though actually, that everyday use is softer than the philosophy use, which is a whole theory of knowledge, not only “being practical.”
組成Same Greek base as empirical (en- “in” + peîra “a try / a test” → experience) + -ism (a belief or school of thought).
同家族的字
- empiricalthe adjective: based on tests or experience
- empiricallythe adverb: in that way
- empiricista person who holds this belief
原始詞典資料4 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
empiricismnoun
- 1
human-sciencesphilosophysciencesA doctrine which holds that the only or, at least, the most reliable source of human knowledge is experience, especially perception by means of the physical senses. (Often contrasted with rationalism.)
- Empiricism teaches us that we are unceasingly and intimately in contact with a full, living, breathing Reality, that experience is a constant communion with the real.
- He agrees with Kant that Hume's empiricism is refuted de facto by the example of mathematics, whose judgments are synthetic a priori.
- 2
A pursuit of knowledge purely through experience, especially by means of observation and sometimes by experimentation.
- Our whole life in some of its highest and most important aspects is simply empiricism. Empiricism is only another word for experience.
- I have found no better expression than "religious" for confidence in the rational nature of reality.... Whenever this feeling is absent, science degenerates into uninspired empiricism.
- 3
human-sciencespolitical-sciencesciencesResearch methodology shaped from empirical philosophy (see above), e.g. surveys, statistics, etc.
- 4
historicalmedicinesciencesMedicine as practised by an empiric, founded on mere (personal or anecdotal) experience, without the aid of science or a knowledge of principles.
- Near-synonyms: folk medicine; quackery; charlatanry
- Empiricism is not peculiar to Denmark; and I know of no way of rooting it out, though it be a remnant of exploded witchcraft, till the acquiring a general knowledge of the component parts of the human frame, become a part of public education.
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。