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Empiricism is a belief about how we know things: you trust what you have seen, tried, or measured more than what you only out in your head.
Empiricism經驗主義 is a belief about how we know things是一種關於我們怎麼知道事情的信念： you trust你比較相信 what you have seen, tried, or measured你看過、試過、或量過的東西 more than勝過 what you only reasoned out in your head你只在腦中推理出來的東西
In philosophy this is an old, famous fight. One side said knowledge comes in through the senses; the other side said the mind already has ideas. Britain is especially known for this school.
In philosophy在哲學裡 this is an old, famous fight這是一場古老又有名的爭論： one side said一邊說 knowledge comes in through the senses知識是透過感官進來的 the other side said另一邊說 the mind already has ideas心智本來就有觀念 Britain is especially known for this school英國特別以這個學派聞名
In looser English, calling someone’s style empiricism can just mean “they will not believe it until it works in real life” — a teacher who changes the lesson only after watching the class, for example. Though actually, that everyday use is softer than the philosophy use, which is a whole theory of knowledge, not only “being practical.”
In looser English在比較口語的英文裡 calling someone's style empiricism說某人的作風是empiricism can just mean可能只是說 “they will not believe it until it works in real life”「他們不會相信，直到在現實中真的有用」 a teacher who changes the lesson only after watching the class, for example舉例來說，就像一個老師只在觀察過班級之後才調整課程 Though actually不過其實 that everyday use is softer than the philosophy use這種日常用法比哲學上的用法溫和 which is a whole theory of knowledge哲學上的用法是一整套知識理論 not only “being practical.”不只是「務實」而已
組成Same Greek base as empirical (en- “in” + peîra “a try / a test” → experience) + -ism (a belief or school of thought).
同家族的字
- empiricalthe adjective: based on tests or experience
- empiricallythe adverb: in that way
- empiricista person who holds this belief
原始詞典資料4 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
empiricismnoun
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human-sciencesphilosophysciencesA doctrine which holds that the only or, at least, the most reliable source of human knowledge is experience, especially perception by means of the physical senses. (Often contrasted with rationalism.)
- Empiricism teaches us that we are unceasingly and intimately in contact with a full, living, breathing Reality, that experience is a constant communion with the real.
- He agrees with Kant that Hume's empiricism is refuted de facto by the example of mathematics, whose judgments are synthetic a priori.
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A pursuit of knowledge purely through experience, especially by means of observation and sometimes by experimentation.
- Our whole life in some of its highest and most important aspects is simply empiricism. Empiricism is only another word for experience.
- I have found no better expression than "religious" for confidence in the rational nature of reality.... Whenever this feeling is absent, science degenerates into uninspired empiricism.
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human-sciencespolitical-sciencesciencesResearch methodology shaped from empirical philosophy (see above), e.g. surveys, statistics, etc.
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historicalmedicinesciencesMedicine as practised by an empiric, founded on mere (personal or anecdotal) experience, without the aid of science or a knowledge of principles.
- Near-synonyms: folk medicine; quackery; charlatanry
- Empiricism is not peculiar to Denmark; and I know of no way of rooting it out, though it be a remnant of exploded witchcraft, till the acquiring a general knowledge of the component parts of the human frame, become a part of public education.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。