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Altruism is when you care about other people, or help them, even though this brings no advantage to yourself. You give time, money, or care, and the point is them, not you. It is a rather formal, school-and-news word; in daily talk people say someone is selfless, or kind for no reward. Though actually, argue about whether a person can ever help with zero return — even a warm feeling is a kind of gain — but in ordinary English, altruism still means that others-first way of acting. It names the idea. The person is an ; the adjective is altruistic.
利他主義
組成From French altruisme, coined in 1830 by Auguste Comte, from French autrui (“other people”) + -isme (the -ism ending for a belief or way).
同家族的字
- altruistthe person who lives this way
- altruisticthe adjective for that kind of act or character
原始詞典資料2 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
altruismnoun/ˈæl.tɹu.ɪz.əm/
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Regard for others, both natural and moral without regard for oneself; devotion to the interests of others; brotherly kindness.
- The preposterous altruism too![…]Resist not evil. It is an insane immolation of self—as bad intrinsically as fakirs stabbing themselves or anchorites warping their spines in caves scarcely large enough for a fair-sized dog.
- Altruism allows doing for others as one would be done by. Unlike reaction formation, which also gives to the object what the self desires, altruism leaves the self at least partly gratified. Unlike reaction formation, altruism tempers asceticism with pleasure. Unlike passive aggression and martyrdom, altruism allows the object to feel blessed and not afflicted. Altruism attracts people to the user; martyrdom repels them even as it holds them close in chains.
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biologyhuman-sciencesnatural-sciencesAction or behaviour that benefits another or others at some cost to the performer.
- Altruism is a behaviour of an individual that benefits another at its own expense.[…]She decided to investigate what motivates ants to undertake these dangerous missions, where they risk getting trapped themselves or, worse, eaten by predatory antlion larvae, which dig pits and lurk, semi-concealed, at the bottom with their jaws wide open. Such apparently selfless rescue behaviour is seen by many as one of the purest forms of altruism.[…]Being nice to relatives is not pure altruism because they share your genes so, by helping them, you promote your own genetic heritage.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。