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This is the short written form of have, stuck onto the word before it: I've, you've, we've, they've. Most of the time it is the helping have that builds the present perfect — I've finished, they've gone.
This這 is是 of have have 的 the short written form書寫縮短形, stuck onto黏在 the word before it前面那個字上:I've、you've、we've、they've。 Most of the time大多時候, it它 is是 that builds the present perfect蓋出現在完成式的 the helping have那個幫忙用的 have——I've finished 我做完了、they've gone 他們走了。
In speech almost everybody says it this way, even careful speakers; the full have would sound oddly slow. In writing you use 've in messages, dialogue, and friendly prose. School essays and formal letters often still want I have.
In speech在口語裡, almost everybody幾乎每個人 says it this way都這樣說, even careful speakers連講話謹慎的人也是; the full have完整的 have would sound oddly slow聽起來會慢得奇怪。 In writing在書寫裡, you你 in messages, dialogue, and friendly prose在訊息、對話和輕鬆的文字裡 use 've用 've。 School essays and formal letters學校作文和正式書信 often常常 still仍然 want要 I have。
Though actually, I've can also be the have of owning something (I've no idea, I've a meeting at three) — that owning use is more British, and a bit old-fashioned in American English, where people prefer I have or I've got.
Though actually不過其實,I've also也 can be可以是 of owning something擁有東西的那個 the have have(I've no idea 我不知道、I've a meeting at three 我三點有個會議)—— that owning use那種擁有的用法 is more British比較英式, and in American English在美式英文裡 a bit old-fashioned有點過時, where people美國人 prefer比較喜歡 I have or或 I've got。
You cannot start a question with 've: we write Have you…?, not 've you…? After a name or a noun you may see it (The kids've left), though some teachers dislike that in writing.
You你 cannot不能 with 've用 've start a question開始一個問句: we我們 write寫 Have you…?, not而不是 've you…?。 After a name or a noun在名字或名詞後面, you你 may see it可能會看到它(The kids've left 孩子們走了), though不過 some teachers有些老師 in writing在書寫裡 dislike that不喜歡這樣。
原始詞典資料2 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
'veverb/v/
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Have (in its sense marking the perfect or retrospective aspect).
- Santorum, in a comment regarding Senator John McCain's repudiation of torture, stated, "He doesn't understand how enhanced interrogation works. I mean, you break somebody, and after they've broken they become cooperative" (Summers 2011).
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Have (in its other uses).
- Do n’t tell me you ‘have n’t got time,’ / That other things claim your attention; / There ’s not the least reason or rhyme / In the wisest excuse you can mention: / Do n’t tell me about ‘other fish,’ / Your duty is done when you buy ’em; / And you never will relish the dish, / Unless you ’ve a woman to ‘fry ’em.’
- "...Where's the ladies' in this joint? I've to powder me nose."
資料來源:英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary(CC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。