Uluru is a huge red rock in the middle of Australia, in the Northern Territory. It is a monolith — that means it is one single piece of stone, not lots of rocks piled up — and it is the biggest one in the world. It stands about 348 metres high, and most of it is actually under the ground, like an iceberg. It sits in flat, dry desert, so you can see it from very far away. The colour changes through the day as the sun moves: grey and brown in the morning, and a deep burning orange-red near sunset. Many people go to watch that. The Anangu people, the Aboriginal people who have lived there for a very, very long time, own the land and see it as a sacred place. This is where the name matters. British people named it "Ayers Rock" in 1873, after a politician in South Australia. Today most people say Uluru, because that is the name the local people always used. You will still hear older people, and some old textbooks, say Ayers Rock — it is not a rude word, but it now sounds out of date, a bit like calling a country by its colonial name. The official name uses both ("Uluru / Ayers Rock"), but in ordinary speech, and certainly in polite writing, Uluru is the one to use. One more thing students often do not know: since 2019 you are not allowed to climb it. Visitors used to walk up the side; the Anangu asked people not to, for years, and now it is closed for good. So if you write "I want to climb Uluru", that sentence describes something that is no longer possible.

烏魯魯（澳洲中部的巨岩，舊稱艾爾斯岩 Ayers Rock）。台灣旅遊資料多半直接用「烏魯魯」，有時寫成「烏盧魯」；「艾爾斯岩」是舊稱，現在少用。