- 1膽敢、竟敢（帶責備意味的「魯莽大膽」；常用 have the temerity to...，中文常說「他竟然敢…」）
The nerve to do something bold when you had no right to — and the speaker thinks you were rude to try. This is a strong, formal, rather old-fashioned word, and it is almost always used to complain about someone. The usual shape is "have the temerity to do something": "He had the temerity to ask me for money after what he did." Say it that way and everyone hears that you are . Two things sit inside the word at once: the person was brave or bold, and the person was out of line. English has other words for one half each — "courage" is the good half, "" is the bad half — but temerity holds both, which is why it stings. There is also an older, more neutral use meaning simply acting without thinking about the danger, closer to "recklessness": "the temerity of sailing alone across the Pacific". You will still see that in books, but in ordinary modern use the meaning has taken over. Note that people quite often use it half-jokingly, someone's cheek while pretending to .
組成From Latin temeritas, from temere meaning "by chance, blindly, without thinking" — so at heart the word is about acting blindly rather than about being brave. The ending -ity turns a description into the name of a quality, as in "honesty" or "ability".
原始詞典資料3 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
temeritynoun/tɪˈmɛɹ.ɪ.ti/
- 1
Reckless boldness; foolish bravery.
- 1569, Thomas Pearson, trans., "The Second Paradox," in The booke of Marcus Tullius Cicero entituled Paradoxa Stoicorum, T. Marshe (London), Neyther the spightfull temerity and rashnes of variable fortune, nor the envious hart burning and in iurious hatred of mine enemies shold be able once to damnify me.
- Jewan Sadit, who ſtood before the prince, obſerving his youthful temerity, threw himſelf between him and danger, and with a nervous arm, wielding a ſharp ſabre, of the hard tempered ſteel of Damiſk, ruſhing upon the tyger, he ſtruck him acroſs the forehead.
- 2
An act or case of reckless boldness.
- Draper, dear lad, had the illusion of an "intellectual sympathy" between them.... Draper's temerities would always be of that kind.
- 3
Effrontery; impudence.
- He had very nearly been guilty of the temerity of arrogating to himself another title in the presence of those he most respected.
- That's jejune? You have the temerity to say that I'm talking to you out of jejunosity? I am one of the most june people in all of the Russias!
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。