- 1蘇格蘭格紋(格子呢、蘇格蘭裙的那種格子布)。台灣一般講「蘇格蘭格紋」或直接說「格子」。注意美式英文常用 plaid 指同一種花色,英式英文則 tartan 才是那個花紋的名字。
Tartan is the Scottish pattern of coloured stripes crossing each other at right angles, so the cloth is covered in squares of different shades. The word means both the pattern and the cloth itself: 'a tartan skirt' (a skirt in that pattern), 'a length of tartan' (the material). Traditionally it is wool, and it is what a is made of. The important cultural point: in Scotland a particular arrangement of colours belongs to a particular family or clan — the Stewart tartan, the Macleod tartan — so a may say 'that's my tartan' and mean something about who their people are. Registered tartans also exist for regions, schools, and even companies. Now the honest part. That clan system is much younger than people think. Older Highland weavers made whatever the local plants would dye and whatever they liked; the neat one-family-one-pattern rulebook was largely built in the 1800s, when tartan became fashionable and Victorian romance about the Highlands took hold. It is real tradition now — people mean it, wear it, and are proud of it — but it is not ancient law. Outside Scotland, 'tartan' is mostly just a pattern name, and you will meet it on school uniforms, Burberry-style coats, and flasks. Americans often say 'plaid' for the same look; in Britain a plaid is properly the cloth worn over the shoulder, not the pattern.
組成Comes through Scots tartan from Old French tiretaine, a mixed wool cloth. Behind that lies tire, a kind of silk, and Medieval Latin tyrium — cloth dyed in the purple of Tyre, the Phoenician city. So the name began as a word about expensive dyed cloth, not about squares at all. The link to the pattern came later, in Scotland.
原始詞典資料16 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,摘錄並精簡格式,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
Tartanname/ˈtɑːt(ə)n/
- 1
historicalThe commander-in-chief of ancient Assyria.
- And the king of Aſſyria ſent Tartan and Rabſaris, and Rabſhakeh, from Lachiſh to king Hezekiah, with a great hoſte againſt Jeruſalem: […]
- In the yeere that Tartan came vnto Aſhdod (when Sargon the king of Aſſyria ſent him) and fought against Aſhdod, and tooke it: […]
tartannoun詞源 1/ˈtɑːt(ə)n/
- 1
Woven woollen fabric with a distinctive pattern of coloured stripes intersecting at right angles originally associated with Scottish Highlanders, now with different clans (though this only dates from the late 18th century) and some Scottish families and institutions having their own patterns; (countable) a particular type of such fabric.
- Her hands trembled […] as she adjusted the scarlet tartan screen or muffler made of plaid, which the Scottish women wore, much in the fashion of the black silk veils still a part of female dress in the Netherlands.
- The country which lay just above this pass was now the theatre of a war such as the Highlands had not often witnessed. Men wearing the same tartan, and attached to the same lord, were arrayed against each other.
- 2
Woven woollen fabric with a distinctive pattern of coloured stripes intersecting at right angles originally associated with Scottish Highlanders, now with different clans (though this only dates from the late 18th century) and some Scottish families and institutions having their own patterns; (countable) a particular type of such fabric.
- 3
Woven woollen fabric with a distinctive pattern of coloured stripes intersecting at right angles originally associated with Scottish Highlanders, now with different clans (though this only dates from the late 18th century) and some Scottish families and institutions having their own patterns; (countable) a particular type of such fabric.
- Dovvn flovv'd her robe, a tartan ſheen, / Till half a leg vvas ſcrimply ſeen; […]
- 4
An individual who wears tartan (etymology 1, noun sense 1.2); specifically, a Scottish Highlander, or a Scottish person (chiefly a Scotsman) in general.
- 5
fishinghobbieslifestyleA type of fly used in fly fishing, often to catch salmon.
- What is called the tartan-fly kills well in the Highlands at the clearing of the water. The tail must be yellow, mixed with a little red; and tipt with silver-thread; the body must be of five or six different colours, yellow, blue, orange, green, red, and black; the colours must join; […]
- 6
A young person who is a member of a Protestant gang in Northern Ireland.
- The Shankill was a tough district all right. It was really hard-line Protestant and most of the kids were in tough Prod gangs, like the Tartans.
- 7
Preceded by the: a group of people customarily wearing tartan; Scottish Highlanders or Scottish people collectively; also, the soldiers of a Scottish Highland regiment collectively.
- Sir Colin [Campbell] called to Colonel [John Frederick] Ewart, 'Ewart, bring on the tartan!'; his bugler sounded the advance, and the seven companies of the Ninety-Third [(Sutherland Highlanders) Regiment of Foot] dashed from behind the bank.
- 8
Originally a trade name in the form Tartan: a synthetic resin used for surfacing ramps, running tracks, etc.
- Bob Hayes ran a world record 9.1 for 100 y[ards] on a Tartan-surface track in St. Louis in 1963, and Tartan tracks (manufactured by 3M) were installed for the Pan-American Games in Winnipeg, Canada, in 1967, and for the Olympic Games in Mexico City in 1968.
- Running tracks are also known as tartan tracks. One lap of a tartan track is usually 400 metres, so it is easy to keep track of your running performance.
tartanadj詞源 1/ˈtɑːt(ə)n/
- 1
Made of tartan (noun etymology 1, noun sense 1), or having a distinctive pattern of coloured stripes intersecting at right angles like a that of a tartan.
- Her tartan petticoat ſhe'll kilt, / An' durk an' piſtol at her belt, / She'll tak the ſtreets, / An' rin her vvhittle to the hilt, / I' th' firſt ſhe meets!
- [M]y pupils leave off their thick shoes and tight old tartan pelisses, and wear silk stockings and muslin frocks, as fashionable baronets' daughters should.
- 2
Of or relating to Scotland, its culture, or people; Scottish.
tartanverb詞源 1/ˈtɑːt(ə)n/
- 1
To clothe (someone) in tartan (noun etymology 1, noun sense 1.2).
- That 42d tartan is Campbell tartan rests upon the fact that the Black Watch was officered by a large majority of Campbells at first. When I was first tartaned, more than fifty years ago, I was taken by John Campbell, piper, to the shop of his brother William, in Glasgow, to be tailored.
- The Celtic Society of Edinburgh was founded in 1820, its members dining in kilts. In 1820–22, the novelist Walter Scott worked away at the tartaning of Scotland in the run-up to a landmark visit by George IV, when even the fat king would be wearing full Scottish tartan.
- 2
To apply a tartan pattern to (something).
- The unholy beast in the box was the most splendid and graceful specimen of the monitor lizard I have ever seen. […] Smooth, though scaly, and inky black, tartaned all over with transverse rows of bright yellow spots, with eyes that shone like wild-fire, and teeth like quartz, with his forked tongue continually flashing out from his bright-red mouth, he had a wild, weird loveliness that was most uncanny.
- [W]hy shouldn't the waitresses in the dining room, each one of them already attired in a distinctive clan tartan, be required to carry a small card identifying the tartan for the convenience of diners who might want to purchase tartaned gifts after their meal?
- 3
To make (something) Scottish, or more Scottish; to tartanize.
- The premier [Angus Lewis Macdonald] was photographed repeatedly at the annual Gaelic Mod, and sitting at a loom in a display of Highland handicrafts in Scotland itself. The premier also focused his attention on the tartaning of the provincially owned Keltic Lodge.
- Hence, Edinburgh's working class has conventionally been doubly excluded and marginalised. […] [S]econdly, within a nationalist paradigm, by the ‘tartaning up’ of that same city centre – the concomitant tourist culture of Scotland as a national heritage site. The Edinburgh of romantic or puritanical nationalism myth has no imaginative or social space for an urban working class.
tartannoun詞源 2/ˈtɑːt(ə)n/
- 1
nauticaltransportA type of one-masted vessel with a lateen sail and a foresail, used in the Mediterranean.
- [W]e met Captain VVright, vvho came thither the day before; and had taken a Spaniſh Tartan, vvherein vvere 30 men, all vvell armed: […] VVe that came over Land out of the South Seas being vveary of living among the French, deſired Captain VVright to fit up his Prize the Tartan, and make a Man of VVar of her for us, […]
- Nearly the whole of his time, however, he informed Captain Servadac, had been spent upon the sea, his real business being that of a merchant trading at all the ports of the Mediterranean. A tartan, a small vessel of two hundred tons burden, conveyed his entire stock of merchandise, and, to say the truth, was a sort of floating emporium, conveying nearly every possible article of commerce, from a lucifer match to the radiant fabrics of Frankfort and Epinal.
這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形:
- tartan-purry
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary,已精簡格式;依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用,改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。