This is the describing word 'studied', not the past tense of study — and it means almost the opposite of what students expect. A studied smile, a studied calm, a studied carelessness: each one was thought about and practised beforehand, so it looks natural but is not. The person decided in advance how to seem.

This這 is the describing word 'studied'是當形容詞的 studied， not the past tense of study不是 study 的過去式—— and it means而它的意思 what students expect跟學生預期的 almost the opposite of幾乎相反。 A studied smile刻意的微笑、 a studied calm刻意的鎮定、 a studied carelessness刻意的漫不經心： each one每一個 beforehand都在事前 was thought about and practised被想過、練過， so所以 it looks natural它看起來自然， but is not但其實不是。 The person這個人 in advance預先 decided就決定好了 how to seem要顯得怎樣。

Because of that, the word carries quiet disapproval. It hints that what you are seeing is a performance. 'Her politeness was studied' does not mean she was very polite; it means she worked out how to appear polite, and you can feel the work behind it.

Because of that因為這樣， the word這個字 carries quiet disapproval帶著安靜的不以為然。 It hints that它在暗示 what you are seeing你眼前看到的 is a performance是一場表演。 'Her politeness was studied'她的禮貌是刻意的 does not mean意思不是 she was very polite她非常有禮貌； it means而是說 she她 how to appear polite把「怎麼顯得有禮貌」 worked out設計好了， and you can feel而你感覺得到 the work behind it背後那份工。

There is a fine irony in the most common pairings — 'studied casualness', 'studied indifference' — where the whole point of the thing being described is that it should look effortless, and the speaker is telling you it wasn't.

in the most common pairings最常見的搭配裡 There is a fine irony有一種細緻的反諷—— 'studied casualness'刻意的隨性、 'studied indifference'刻意的漠不關心—— the thing being described被描述的那個東西， the whole point is重點本來就是 it should look effortless它應該看起來毫不費力， and the speaker而說話的人 is telling you正在告訴你 it wasn't它其實費了力。

It is a fairly formal, literary word. You meet it in novels, reviews, and journalism far more than in speech. Almost always it sits directly in front of a noun (a studied answer, with studied care); saying 'his answer was studied' is possible but rarer and sounds bookish.

It它 is a fairly formal, literary word是個相當正式、帶書卷氣的字。 You你 in novels, reviews, and journalism在小說、評論和新聞寫作裡 meet it遇到它 far more than in speech遠比在口語裡多。 Almost always it它幾乎總是 directly直接 sits坐在 a noun名詞 in front of前面 (a studied answer, with studied care)（a studied answer、with studied care）； saying 'his answer was studied'說 his answer was studied is possible是可以的， but rarer但比較少見， and sounds bookish而且聽起來書卷氣重。

One related use is not disapproving at all: 'a studied response' can simply mean a careful, considered one, given after real thought. Context tells you which is meant — if the thing being described is a feeling or a manner, it is the insincere sense; if it is a decision or a reply, it may be the neutral one.

One related use有一個相關的用法 is not disapproving at all完全沒有貶意： 'a studied response'一個 studied 的回應 can simply mean可以就只是指 a careful, considered one一個仔細、考慮過的回應， given after real thought在真正想過之後才給出來。 Context上下文 tells you which is meant會告訴你指的是哪一個—— if the thing being described如果被描述的東西 is a feeling or a manner是感覺或態度， it is the insincere sense那就是「裝出來」的那個意思； if it is a decision or a reply如果是決定或回覆， it may be the neutral one就可能是中性的那個。