A pogrom is not a war between two armies. It is a planned, often sudden, attack on a group of people because of who they are — usually their religion or their people — in the streets and homes where they already live.

A pogrom is not a war between two armiesPogrom不是兩支軍隊之間的戰爭。It is a planned, often sudden, attack on a group of people它是一種有計畫、常常是突然發生的攻擊，針對某一群人, because of who they are就因為他們是什麼身分——usually their religion or their people通常是因為他們的宗教或族群——in the streets and homes where they already live就在他們原本居住的街道和家裡發生。

A crowd is stirred up; shops and houses are smashed; many are beaten or killed. The police may look away, or even join in.

A crowd is stirred up群眾被煽動起來; shops and houses are smashed商店和房子被砸毀; many are beaten or killed很多人被毆打或殺害。The police may look away警察可能會視而不見, or even join in甚至加入其中。

The word came into English from Yiddish, and Yiddish had taken it from Russian; history books use it most often for attacks on Jewish families in the old Russian Empire in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Though actually, people now also use it for other mass killings of this same kind, not only that time and place.

The word came into English from Yiddish這個字是從意第緒語進入英文的, and Yiddish had taken it from Russian而意第緒語又是從俄文借來的; history books use it most often for attacks on Jewish families in the old Russian Empire in the late 1800s and early 1900s歷史書最常用它來指十九世紀末、二十世紀初，在舊俄羅斯帝國裡對猶太家庭的攻擊。Though actually不過其實, people now also use it for other mass killings of this same kind現在人們也會用它來指同一類型的其他大規模屠殺, not only that time and place不只限於那個時代和地方。

It is a heavy, serious word. You will meet it in history and in the news, not in everyday chat, and it is never a light joke.

It is a heavy, serious word這是一個沉重、嚴肅的字。You will meet it in history and in the news你會在歷史和新聞裡遇到它, not in everyday chat而不是日常聊天裡, and it is never a light joke而且它絕對不是拿來開玩笑的。