Plato was a thinker in ancient Greece, living around 427 to 347 BC. He is one of the people who later shaped how Europe asked questions about truth, a good life, and how a city should be run.

Plato柏拉圖 was a thinker in ancient Greece是古希臘的一位思想家, living around 427 to 347 BC大約生活在西元前427到347年。He is one of the people他是其中一位, who later shaped how Europe asked questions about truth, a good life, and how a city should be run後來影響了歐洲如何思考真理、美好人生，以及城邦該怎麼治理的人。

His teacher was Socrates. After Socrates was put to death, Plato started a school in Athens called the Academy, and Aristotle studied there as a young man.

His teacher was Socrates他的老師是蘇格拉底。After Socrates was put to death蘇格拉底被處死之後, Plato started a school in Athens called the Academy柏拉圖在雅典創辦了一所叫做學院（the Academy）的學校, and Aristotle studied there as a young man亞里斯多德年輕時也曾在那裡求學。

Plato did not write dry lists of rules. He wrote conversations, like little plays on paper, where people argue until an idea becomes clearer.

Plato did not write dry lists of rules柏拉圖不寫枯燥的規則清單。He wrote conversations他寫的是對話, like little plays on paper像寫在紙上的小戲劇, where people argue until an idea becomes clearer裡面的人物一直辯論，直到一個想法變得清楚為止。

His most famous book is The Republic. In it he asks what a fair state would look like, and he tells the cave story: people who have lived inside a cave all their lives watch shadows on the wall and think those shadows are the whole world. That story is his way of saying the things we see may only be copies of something more real.

His most famous book is The Republic他最有名的書是《理想國》。In it在書裡 he asks what a fair state would look like他探討一個公平的國家會是什麼樣子, and he tells the cave story而且他講了洞穴的故事: people who have lived inside a cave all their lives一群一輩子都住在洞穴裡的人 watch shadows on the wall看著牆上的影子 and think those shadows are the whole world以為那些影子就是全世界。That story is his way of saying這個故事是他用來表達 the things we see may only be copies of something more real我們所看見的東西，可能只是某個更真實事物的複本。

Teachers still start with him because so much later thought answers him, agrees with him, or tries to climb out of his cave.

Teachers still start with him老師們至今仍從他開始教起, because so much later thought answers him, agrees with him, or tries to climb out of his cave因為後來太多的思想都是在回應他、同意他，或試著爬出他的洞穴。