- 1改革重建（蘇聯 1980 年代；台灣報導常直接寫 perestroika。不是中國的「改革開放」。）
Perestroika is a Russian word meaning rebuilding or . In English it names the social, political, and economic changes in the Soviet Union in the 1980s, under Mikhail Gorbachev, in the years just before Communist rule there ended. The idea was to rebuild a tired system so that it could work better — less tightly controlled from the centre. English speakers keep the Russian word because it belongs to that time and that country. People sometimes stretch it to mean any big attempt to rebuild an organisation, though strictly it points to that Soviet programme. Its famous partner word from the same years is ('openness'), but that is a different word.
組成Borrowed from Russian perestroika, 'restructuring'. In Russian it is built from a prefix meaning 'again / over' plus a word for building.
原始詞典資料3 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
perestroikanoun/pɛɹ.ɪˈstɹɔɪ.kə/
- 1
historicalA program of political and economic reform carried out in the Soviet Union in the 1980s and early 1990s under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev.
- Gorbachev would introduce glasnost (openness and freedom) and perestroika (economic restructuring) to Russia under his tenure, ultimately freeing thousands of political prisoners and dissidents and trying to address the shortages in food and goods that had become the hallmarks of the failing Soviet economy.
- [Gorbachev] did not champion perestroika and glasnost alone; much of the nomenklatura had decided that the Soviet economic and social model was dysfunctional, corrupt and endemically inefficient and had to change.
- 2
historicalThe period of time in the Soviet Union during which these reforms were carried out and in effect.
- 3
A situation where a small variation of parameters leads to a sudden change in properties.
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。