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Perestroika is a Russian word meaning rebuilding or .
Perestroika is a Russian wordperestroika是一個俄文字 meaning rebuilding or restructuring意思是重建或改組
In English it names the social, political, and economic changes in the Soviet Union in the 1980s, under Mikhail Gorbachev, in the years just before Communist rule there ended. The idea was to rebuild a tired system so that it could work better — less tightly controlled from the centre.
In English it names the social, political, and economic changes in the Soviet Union in the 1980s在英文裡它指1980年代蘇聯的社會、政治和經濟變革, under Mikhail Gorbachev在戈巴契夫主政下, in the years just before Communist rule there ended就在那裡共產統治結束前的那幾年. The idea was to rebuild a tired system so that it could work better目的是重建一個疲弱的體制、讓它運作得更好 — less tightly controlled from the centre中央控制沒那麼緊
English speakers keep the Russian word because it belongs to that time and that country.
English speakers keep the Russian word英語使用者保留這個俄文字 because it belongs to that time and that country因為它屬於那個時代和那個國家
People sometimes stretch it to mean any big attempt to rebuild an organisation, though strictly it points to that Soviet programme.
People sometimes stretch it to mean any big attempt to rebuild an organisation有時候人們會引申用來指任何重整組織的大動作, though strictly it points to that Soviet programme但嚴格來說它指的就是那個蘇聯計畫
Its famous partner word from the same years is ('openness'), but that is a different word.
Its famous partner word from the same years is glasnost ('openness')同一個年代有個知名的搭檔詞glasnost（『openness開放』）, but that is a different word但那是不同的字
組成Borrowed from Russian perestroika, 'restructuring'. In Russian it is built from a prefix meaning 'again / over' plus a word for building.
原始詞典資料3 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
perestroikanoun/pɛɹ.ɪˈstɹɔɪ.kə/
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historicalA program of political and economic reform carried out in the Soviet Union in the 1980s and early 1990s under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev.
- Gorbachev would introduce glasnost (openness and freedom) and perestroika (economic restructuring) to Russia under his tenure, ultimately freeing thousands of political prisoners and dissidents and trying to address the shortages in food and goods that had become the hallmarks of the failing Soviet economy.
- [Gorbachev] did not champion perestroika and glasnost alone; much of the nomenklatura had decided that the Soviet economic and social model was dysfunctional, corrupt and endemically inefficient and had to change.
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historicalThe period of time in the Soviet Union during which these reforms were carried out and in effect.
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A situation where a small variation of parameters leads to a sudden change in properties.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。