Passchendaele is the name of a terrible battle in the First World War, fought in 1917 in northwest Belgium, around a village of that name. It is remembered less for a neat victory than for mud: rain turned the fields to wet earth so deep that men, horses, and guns sank in it, and the already awful life of the soldiers became worse. British and other Allied troops attacked for months to take a few kilometres of ground. Though actually, when people say “over 200,000 British soldiers were killed,” they are often using killed in a loose way for the huge number of dead, wounded, and missing together; the exact counts are argued over, but the name still stands for waste and mud. You will meet it in history class and in poems and novels about that war, not in everyday talk. It is also called the Third Battle of Ypres, after the nearby town.

帕斯尚達勒戰役（一次大戰；也稱第三次伊普爾戰役）