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A pandemic is a disease that spreads over a very large area — many countries, or the whole world — not just one town or one region. The word can be a noun (a pandemic) or an adjective (pandemic flu). After 2020, almost everyone has heard it because of COVID-19.
a pandemic是 a disease that spreads over a very large area蔓延到非常大範圍的疾病——many countries, or the whole world很多國家,甚至全世界——not just one town or one region不只是一個城鎮或一個地區。the word這個字 can be a noun (a pandemic)可以當名詞 or an adjective (pandemic flu)也可以當形容詞。after 20202020 年之後,almost everyone has heard it because of COVID-19因為 COVID-19,幾乎每個人都聽過這個字。
Compare three neighbours, because news writers mix them: an epidemic is a wide outbreak but more local; a pandemic is that kind of outbreak when it has gone global; means a disease that is always around in a place, not a sudden world event.
compare three neighbours要比較三個容易搞混的鄰居,because news writers mix them因為新聞常常把它們混著用:an epidemic is a wide outbreak but more localepidemic 是範圍較大但比較局部的疫情爆發;a pandemic is that kind of outbreak when it has gone globalpandemic 就是這種疫情擴散到全球的時候;endemic means a disease that is always around in a place, not a sudden world eventendemic 則是指一個地方一直存在的疾病,不是突然的全球事件。
Though actually, people now stretch pandemic in a loose way — “a pandemic of fear,” “a pandemic of .” That is figurative. In class and in serious news, the disease sense still comes first.
though actually不過事實上,people now stretch pandemic in a loose way現在大家也會把 pandemic 用得比較鬆散——“a pandemic of fear,”「恐懼的大流行」、“a pandemic of rumours.”「謠言的大流行」。that is figurative這是比喻用法。in class and in serious news在課堂和正式新聞裡,the disease sense still comes first疾病的意思還是排在第一位。
組成From Ancient Greek πάνδημος (pándēmos, “of all the people”) + English -ic. πάνδημος is παν- (pan-, “all, every”) + δῆμος (dêmos, “the people”). Compare Late Latin pandēmus (“affecting all the people”).
原始詞典資料6 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
Pandemicadj/pænˈdɛmɪk/
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human-sciencesmysticismmythologyOf Aphrodite Pandemos, the earthly aspect of the Greek goddess of beauty and love Aphrodite and her Roman counterpart Venus, as contrasted with the heavenly aspect known as Aphrodite Urania: earthly, physical, sensual.
- [page 64] The Love, therefore, which attends upon Venus Pandemos is, in truth, common to the vulgar, and presides over transient and fortuitous connexions, and is worshipped by the least excellent of mankind. The votaries of this deity seek the body rather than the soul, and the ignorant rather than the wise, disdaining all that is honourable and lovely, and considering how they shall best satisfy their sensual necessities. […] [page 67] That Pandemic lover who loves rather the body than the soul is worthless, nor can be constant and consistent, since he has placed his affections on that which has no stability.
- The same distinction between an Uranian and a Pandemic Venus runs, as all those who have any acquaintance with the sculptures of the Greeks know, through their whole art. […] The latter [the Capitoline Venus] is the true Pandemic Venus, the perfect type of voluptuousness, soulless, animal beauty,— […]
pandemicadj詞源 1/pænˈdɛmɪk/
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epidemiologymedicinesciencesOf a disease: epidemic over a wide geographical area and affecting a large proportion of the population; also, of or pertaining to a disease of this nature.
- The chaotic breakdown of public health as World War I dragged on is widely recognized as exacerbating the disease burden of the pandemic outbreak of influenza in 1918.
- Among diſeaſes, ſome do more generally haunt a Country, by reaſon of a certain property in the air, produced through a particular influence of the climat; and the fuming of malign ſtreams out of the earth; whence ſuch diſeaſes are termed Endemick or Pandemick: Others, though they are general, do only rage at a certain ſeaſon of the year, and are therefore called Epidemick; [...]
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derogatoryGeneral, widespread.
- A former age insisted upon the efficacy of scarlet curtains and red broad-cloth in small-pox—a succeeding age thinks it has proved the practice superstitious,—or they refer to it fancy. Now that said fancy is an element in the constitution of man, possibly more powerful in its effects upon the cure or aggravation of disease, than all the drugs in all the chemists' laboratories in all the towns of the world. For it is universal and not partial, pandemic and not solitary.
- Allow Class[ical] Ō and Ǔ to merge into a single phoneme, namely /o/, [...] and the specimens under investigation will emerge as /nodo/, /nokʼe/, and /noro/, the last-mentioned driven by an early pandemic tendency to change into /nora/ as, inherently, the designation of a female.
pandemicnoun詞源 1/pænˈdɛmɪk/
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epidemiologymedicinesciencesA pandemic disease; a disease that affects a wide geographical area and a large proportion of the population.
- Those diseases which have some strong resemblance in their general characters, and attack many individuals in a large extent of country at about the same time, are commonly called epidemics. If all, or about all the inhabitants of a country be similarly attacked, at or near the same time, with a particular complaint, it is more properly called a pandemic.
- The full and correct theory of influenza will not be reached by the great pandemics only. On the other hand some very localized epidemics may prove to be signal instances for the pathology, although they do not bear upon the source of the great historic waves of influenza.
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epidemiologymedicinesciencesA pandemic disease; a disease that affects a wide geographical area and a large proportion of the population.
資料來源:英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary(CC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。