Nutriment is a rather old, rather formal word for the stuff that actually feeds a plant or an animal — the nourishment itself. A doctor in an old book might say a sick person needs nutriment; a science book today would more often say nutrients or nutrition. The meaning is close to “food that feeds you,” not snacks that only taste good. You will almost never hear it at a night market. You might still meet it in careful writing, in older textbooks, or when someone wants to sound grave. If you already know nutrient, you already know the idea; nutriment lives on the same street, only quieter and stiffer. Though actually, nutrient is the modern everyday science word for the chemical pieces (protein, vitamins, and the rest); nutriment is more like the older mass noun, the feeding-stuff as a whole.

養分、營養物（這是偏文言的英文；日常中文說「營養」「養分」即可）