Nuremberg is a large industrial city in Bavaria, in southern Germany. The German name is Nürnberg. In ordinary talk it is just a place: toys, gingerbread, a Christmas market, a city with old walls. For many people, though, the English name is tied to two dark pieces of the 1930s and 1940s. The Nazi Party held huge, tightly staged rallies there — soldiers in long lines, flags, and speeches by Adolf Hitler. After the war, in 1945–46, the Nuremberg Trials were held in the same city: courts that tried Nazi leaders for war crimes. So the word can mean the city on the map, or, in history class, those rallies and those trials. Capital N: it is a place name.