Newtonian means “in the way Isaac Newton described the world,” especially his laws of motion and gravity.

Newtonian Newtonian means意思是"in the way Isaac Newton described the world"「照牛頓描述世界的方式」, especially his laws of motion and gravity尤其是指他的運動定律和重力定律。

In school physics this is the everyday picture: a thing stays still or keeps moving unless a force pushes it; a heavier thing needs a stronger push to speed up; every push has a push back. That picture still works extremely well for balls, bikes, cars, and planets.

In school physics在學校物理課裡this is the everyday picture這是日常的圖像: a thing stays still or keeps moving unless a force pushes it一個東西會保持靜止或持續運動，除非有力推它; a heavier thing needs a stronger push to speed up比較重的東西需要更大的力才能加速; every push has a push back每個推力都會有一個反推力。That picture這個圖像for balls, bikes, cars, and planets用在球、腳踏車、汽車和行星上，still works extremely well效果還是非常好。

It starts to fail when things move near the speed of light, or when you look at atoms — then you need later science.

When things move near the speed of light當物體的運動接近光速時，or when you look at atoms或是你去看原子的時候—it它starts to fail就開始失靈— then you need later science那時你就需要後來的科學了。

People also say Newtonian for a kind of telescope Newton designed (a mirror at the back, an eyepiece at the side).

People also say Newtonian大家也會用Newtonian來稱呼for a kind of telescope Newton designed牛頓設計的一種望遠鏡(a mirror at the back, an eyepiece at the side)（後面有一面鏡子，側面有目鏡）。

Scientists and teachers use the word a lot; it is not casual chat. Calling a person Newtonian just because they like Newton would sound odd.

Scientists and teachers科學家和老師use the word a lot很常用這個字; it is not casual chat它不是隨口聊天會用的詞。just because they like Newton只因為一個人喜歡牛頓calling them Newtonian就叫他Newtonian would sound odd聽起來會很奇怪。

Sometimes writers stretch it to mean a tidy, clockwork view of cause and effect, which is looser than the physics sense.

Sometimes writers stretch it有時候作家會把這個字延伸to mean a tidy, clockwork view of cause and effect用來指一種整齊、像時鐘機械一樣的因果觀, which is looser than the physics sense這比物理學上的意思更鬆散。