Nationalization is the act, or the policy, of a government taking over a large industry — water, gas, the railways, oil, sometimes banks — so that the state owns it or runs it, instead of private companies. It is the noun that names what happens when a government nationalizes something.

Nationalization國有化is the act, or the policy這個行動或政策，of a government taking over a large industry是政府接管一個大型產業— water, gas, the railways, oil, sometimes banks水、瓦斯、鐵路、石油，有時候還有銀行—so that the state owns it or runs it讓國家擁有或經營它，instead of private companies而不是私人公司。It它is the noun是名詞that names what happens when a government nationalizes something用來稱呼政府把某樣東西國有化這件事。

You will meet it in news, history, and political argument: “the nationalization of the coal mines.” Some people hear a promise of fairer, cheaper public services; others hear the state grabbing too much.

You你will meet it in news, history, and political argument會在新聞、歷史和政治辯論裡看到它: "the nationalization of the coal mines"「煤礦的國有化」。Some people hear a promise of fairer, cheaper public services有些人聽到的是更公平、更便宜的公共服務的承諾; others hear the state grabbing too much有些人聽到的則是國家搶太多權力。

The opposite idea is privatization: selling those things back to private owners.

The opposite idea相反的概念is privatization是民營化: selling those things back to private owners把那些東西賣回給私人業主。

British spelling is often nationalisation. This word is about ownership and control of industries, not about a person’s passport or a crowd’s pride.

British spelling英式拼法is often nationalisation通常寫成nationalisation。This word這個字is about ownership and control of industries說的是產業的所有權和控制權，not about a person's passport or a crowd's pride跟一個人的護照或群眾的民族自豪感沒有關係。