The Mishnah is a big, old collection of Jewish teaching that became written Jewish law. For a long time that teaching was spoken and remembered, teacher to student. Later, scholars wrote it down. That written collection is the Mishnah.

The Mishnah isMishnah（密西拿）是 a big, old collection of Jewish teaching一大部古老的猶太教誨集 that became written Jewish law後來成了成文的猶太律法. For a long time很長一段時間, that teaching was spoken and remembered這些教誨都是靠口說和記憶流傳, teacher to student從老師傳給學生. Later後來, scholars wrote it down學者們把它寫了下來. That written collection is這部寫下來的集子就是 the MishnahMishnah。

It sets out how to live — food, rest days, family, courts, holy days — in short, tight lines that later books explain. The Talmud, which students of Judaism study at length, is built on it: the Mishnah is the base text, and the Talmud wraps discussion around it.

It sets out它訂出了 how to live生活該怎麼過 — food, rest days, family, courts, holy days像是飲食、安息日、家庭、法庭、節日 — in short, tight lines用簡短、精煉的條文寫成 that later books explain後來的著作再加以解釋. The TalmudTalmud（塔木德）, which students of Judaism study at length猶太教學生會深入研讀的, is built on it就是建立在它之上的: the Mishnah is the base textMishnah是基礎文本, and the Talmud wraps discussion around it而Talmud則圍繞著它展開討論。

You will meet the word in history, religion, and Jewish studies, not in casual chat. It is a proper name, so we capitalise it. Though actually, the Hebrew idea behind the name is “teaching by repeating”; the book is named for that way of learning.

You will meet the word你會在 in history, religion, and Jewish studies歷史、宗教，和猶太研究裡遇到這個字, not in casual chat而不是在日常閒聊裡. It is它是 a proper name一個專有名詞, so we capitalise it所以我們把它的字首大寫. Though actually不過其實, the Hebrew idea behind the name is這個名字背後的希伯來文原意是 “teaching by repeating”「透過反覆講述來教導」; the book is named for that way of learning這本書就是因為那種學習方式而得名。